Industrial Ecology and Global Change Solcolow R.

Contents

Preface xv

Robert Socolow Acknowledgments xxi

Contributors xxi

OVERVIEW xxiii

1. Six Perspectives from Industrial Ecology 3
Robert Socolow

PART 1: VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION
2. Introduction 19
The Editors
3. Industrial Ecology: Definition and Implementation 23
Thomas Graedel
4. Industrialization as a Historical Phenomenon 43
Arnulf Griibler
5. Changing Perceptions of Vulnerability 69
Robin Cantor and Steve Rayner
6. The Human Dimension of Vulnerability 85
Robert S. Chen
7. Global Industrialization: A Developing Country Perspective 107
Saleemul Huq

PART 2: THE GRAND CYCLES: DISRUPTION AND REPAIR
8. Introduction 117
The editors
9. Human Impacts on the Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles 121
Robert U. Ayres. William H. Schlesinger; and Robert H. Socolow IX Contents
10. Charting Development Paths: A Multicountry Comparison of 157
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
William Moomaw and Mark Tullis
11. Reducing Urban Sources of Methane: An Experiment in 173
Industrial Ecology Robert Harriss
12. Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Russia 183
Yuri Kononov
13. Energy Efficiency in China: Past Experience and Future Prospects 193
Jiang Zhenping
14. Roles for Biomass Energy in Sustainable Development 199
Robert 'Williams

PART 3: TOXICS AND THE ENVIRONl\lmNT
15. Introduction 229
The editors
16. Soil as a Vulnerable Environmental System 233
Jerald Schnoor and Valerie Thomas
17. The Vulnerability of Biotic Diversity 245
' William Schlesinger
18. Global Ecotoxicology: Management and Science 261
Susan Anderson
19. Industrial Activity and Metals Emissions 277
Jerome Nriagu
20. Metals Loading of the Environment: Cadmium in the Rhine Basin 287
William Stigliani, Peter Jaffe, and Stefan Anderberg
21. Emissions and Exposure to Metals: Cadmium aJ:1d Lead 297
Valerie Thomas and Thomas Spiro
22. Nuclear Power: An Industrial Ecology that Failed? 319
Frans Berkhout

PART 4: INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY IN FIRMS
23. Introduction 331
The Editors
24. Product Life-Cycle Management to Replace Waste Management 335
Michael Braungart
25. Industrial Ecology in the Manufacturing of Consumer Products 339
Wayne France and Valerie Thomas
26. Design for Environment: A Management Perspective 34
Bruce Paton
27. Prioritizing Impacts in Industrial Ecology 359
Thomas Graedel, Inge Horkeby, and Victoria Norberg-Bohm
28. Finding and Implementing Projects that Reduce Waste 371
Kenneth Nelson
29. Free-Lunch Economics for Industrial Ecologists 383
Theodore Panayotou and Clifford Zinnes

PART 5: INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY IN POLICY-MAKING
30. Introduction 401
The Editors
31. Policies to Encourage Clean Technology 405
Clinton Andrews
32. Initiatives in Lower Saxony to Link Ecology to Economy .423
Monika Griefahn
33. Military-to-Civilian Conversion and the Environment in Russia 429
George Golitsyn
34. The Political Economy of Raw Materials Extraction and Trade 437
Stephen Bunker
35. Development, Environment, and Energy Efficiency 451
Ashok Gadgil END PIECE
36. The Industrial Ecology Agenda 469
Clinton Andrews, Frans Berkhout, and Valerie Thomas. 478

Working Groups -.: 479

Index 481