Sustainable Intensification to Advance Food Security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa / edited by Rattan Lal, Bal Ram Singh, Dismas L. Mwaseba, David Kraybill, David O. Hansen, Lars Olav Eik.

Table of Contents

Part I Introduction
1. Sustainable Intensification for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change and Advancement of Food Security in Africa 3 ; Rattan Lal

Part II Land Use and Farming System

2. Geopedological and Landscape Dynamic Controls on Productivity Potentials and Constraints in Selected Spatial Entities in Sub Saharan Africa 21 ; Yazidhi Bamutaze

3. Land Degradation and Soil Carbon Pool in Different Land Uses and their Implication for Food Security in Southern Ethiopia 45 ; Ambachew Demessi , Bal Ram Singh, and Rattan Lal

4. Land use Impact on Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Storage in a typical Dry Land District in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 63; Aweke M. Gelaw, Bal Ram Singh, and Rattan Lal

5. Climate Risk Management through Sustainable Land Management in Sub-Saharan Africa 75; Ephraim Nkonya, Frank Place, John Pender and Edward Kato

6. Effects of Land Cover Changes on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Eastern Mau Forest Reserve, Kenya 113; Kennedy O. Were, Bal Ram Singh, B. Dick Øystein

Part III Effects of Climate Change and Crop Yield

7. Soil Erosion Hazard under the Current and Potential Climate Change Induced Loss of Soil Organic Matter in the Upper Blue Nile (Abay) River Basin, Ethiopia 137; Daniel Mengistu, Woldeamlak Bewket and Rattan Lal

8. Climate Change and Crop Yield in Sub-Saharan Africa 165; Charles K.K. Gachene, Anne N. Karuma and Mary W Baaru

9. Factors in Smallholder Farmers’ Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in the Uluguru Mountains, Morogoro, Tanzania 185; Amon Z.,Mattee, K.R. Musa, Dismas L. Mwaseba, C.P. Mahonge and J.V. Nsenga

10. Using Climate and Crop Simulation Models for Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Agronomic Practices and Productivity 201; W.B. Mbungu, Henry F. Mahoo, Siza .D. Tumbo, F.C. Kahimba, Filbert B. Rwehumbiza and B.P. Mbilinyi

Part IV Soil Nutrient and Water Management For Carbon Sequestration

11. Microdosing of Mineral Fertilizer and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in Sub-Saharan Africa; Jens B. Aune and Adama Coulibaly

12. Approaches to Reinforce Crop Productivity under Water-limited Conditions in Sub-humid Environments in Africa 223; Regis Chikowo, Shamie Zingore, Justice Nyamangara, Mateete Bekunda, Joseph Messina and Sieglinde Snapp

13 Effect of In situ Soil Water Harvesting Techniques and Local Plant Nutrient Resources on Grain Yield of Drought Resistant Sorghum Varieties in Semi-arid zone, Tanzania 255; Method Kilasara, M.E. Boa, E.Y. Swai, K.P. Sibuga, H.J. Boniface, and E. Kisetu

Part V Rehabilitation of Degraded Land Through Forestry and Agro-Forestry

14. Restoration of Degraded Lands Affected by Salinization Process under Climate Change Conditions: Impacts on Food Security in the River Valley of Senegal 275; Mateugue Diack, T. Diop and R. Ndiaye

15. Tree Integration In Banana Based Cropping Systems: A Case Study Of Jinja, Uganda 289 ; Lukman N Mulumba

16. Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands: Sustainable Land Management Practices/ Techniques Commonly Used in Niger Republic, West Africa 305; Habibou, Gabou Mohamadou and Abdou Maisharou

17. Soil Organic Carbon Stocks of Kitonga Catchment Forest Reserve, Tanzania: Variations with Elevation 315; Shelukindo, H. B., E. Semu,B.M. Msanya, Bal Ram Singh and P. K. T. Munishi

Part VI Management of Animal Production for Greenhouse Gas Emissions

18. Alternative Goat Kid-Rearing Systems for Improved Performance and Milk Sharing between Humans and Offspring in Climate Change Mitigation 331; F. Chigwa, L.O. Eik, G.C. Kifaro, V.CM. Muhikambele and Daniel E. Mushi

19. Reducing GHG Emissions from Traditional Livestock Systems to Mitigate Changing Climate and Biodiversity 343; D.E. Mushi, L.O. Eik, A. Bernués, R. Ripoll-Bosch, F. Sundstøl, and M.Mo

20. Feeding Strategies for Improved Beef Productivity and Reduced GHG Emission in Tanzania: Effect of Type of Finish-feeding on Carcass Yield and Meat Quality of Zebu Steers 367; Ismail Saidi Selemani, Lars Olav Eik, Øystein Holand, Tormod Ådnøy, Ephraim Mtengeti, Daniel Mushi and Sørheim Oddvin

Part VII Smallholder Adaptation to Climate Change

21. Enhancing Resilience of Food Production Systems under Changing Climate and Soil Degradation in Semi Arid and Highlands of Tanzania 385; Nyambilila A. Amuri

22 A Risk-Based Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation in Dryland Systems Based on an Understanding of Potential Production, Soil Resistance and Resilience, and Social Stability 407; Jeffrey E. Herrick and Adam Beh

23. Use of Conservation Tillage and Cropping Systems to Sustain Crop Yields under Drought Conditions in Zambial 425; Obed Lungu

24. Sustainable Intensification of Maize and Rice in Small-holder Farming Systems under Climate Change in Tanzania 441; Ephraim J. Mtengeti, Frank Bentrup, Eva Mtengeti, Lars O. Eik, and Ramadhani Chambuya

25. Smallholder Adaptation to Climate Change in Semi arid Areas of Tanzania: Experiences from Iramba and Meatu Districts 467; Gry Synnevåg, Samwel J. Kabote, Carolyne I. Nombo, Delphina Mamiro and Amon Z. Mattee

Part VIII Economic, Social and Policy Issues

26. Exploring the Meso-level of Agricultural Carbon Finance Projects 489 ; Corinna Clements, and Keith M. Moore

27. Community, Climate Change and Sustainable Intensification: Why Gender is Important 515 ; Cornelia Butler Flora

28. Designing Environmental Instruments for Developing Economies under Asymmetric Information 533 : Direct Cost Subsidy versus Tax Cut; Albert N.Honlonkou

29. Farming Systems in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence of Changes in Livelihood Patterns and Poverty among Smallholder Farmers 555 ; Ntengua S. Y. Mdoe, Gilead I. Mlay, and Michael L. Kadigi

30. Carbon Markets Impacts on Farm Management Practices on Mount Kilimanjaro 573 ; Francis Mulangu and David Kraybill
31. Adaptation to Climate Change: Changing Gender relations in Meatu and Iramba Districts in Tanzania 587 ; C.I. Nombo, S.J Kabote, D.P Mamiro, G. Synnevåg, A.Z. Mattee, J.K Urassa and L. Matata

Part IX Conclusion

32. Forgotten Facts: Research and Development Priorities; 603 Rattan Lal, B. R. Singh, D. L. Mwaseba, D. Kraybill, D. Hansen, Lars O. Eik

Appendix
Working Group Recommendations 617
Session Slides 629
Index 657

Whereas the Green Revolution of the 1960's and 1970's in South Asia and elsewhere did not happen in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), several regions of SSA have experienced substantial improvements in crop yields and growth in agricultural production since the beginning of the 21st century. Yet, no drastic increase in per capita food grain production has occurred, primarily because of rapid rates of population growth. On the contrary, per capita food production has decreased in East Africa, Southern Africa and Central Africa. Thus, hunger, malnutrition and poverty remain endemic throughout SSA. Agriculture in SSA is vulnerable to harsh and uncertain climate variations. Resource-poor and small landholders are particularly susceptible to their negative impacts. SSA is one of the global hotspots for adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production and the environment. These include severe problems of soil degradation, nutrient and organic matter depletion, water contamination and eutrophication, and loss of biodiversity, especially the below-ground's diversity. Thus sustainable intensification (SI) can play an important role in enhancing agricultural production while restoring degraded/desertified soils, mitigating global warming by sequestering atmospheric CO2 in soils and vegetation (forests), adapting to climate change by using recommended management practices of the so called "climate-resilient" or "climate-strategic" agriculture, improving farm income, and empowering women and other under-privileged populations. The relevance of SI is more now than ever before because of decreasing per capita arable land area, competing uses of land for non-agricultural purposes, increasing risks of land/soil degradation, and changing and uncertain climate. Resource-poor and smallholder farmers of SSA neither have the capacity to adapt nor have the resilience to recover.

Description based on publisher-supplied MARC data.