BTLS : basic trauma life support for the paramedics and the other advanced providers / edited by John Emory Campbell ; Alabama Chapter American College of Emergency Physicians

"25th Anniversary ed."-- Front cover.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents
Chapter 1 Scene Size-Up 1
Introduction 2
Philosophy of Assessment and Management of the Trauma Patient 2
Scene Size-Up 4
Body Substance Isolation Review 4
Scene Safety 4
Total Number of Patients 5
Essential Equipment/Additional Resources Needed 5
Mechanism of Injury 5
Motor Vehicle Collisions 6
Falls 17
Penetrating Injuries 18
Blast Injuries 21
Chapter 2 Assessment and Initial Management
of the Trauma Patient 24
Trauma Assessment 25
Patient Assessment Using the Priority Plan 26
Rapid Trauma Survey 31
Critical Interventions and Transport Decision 32
Focused Exam 34
Ongoing Assessment and Management 34
Procedure 34
Contacting Medical Direction 35
Detailed Exam 35
Procedure 36
Chapter 3 Patient Assessment Skills 40
BTLS Primary Survey 41
Procedure 41
Critical Information-BTLS Primary Survey 41
Ongoing Exam and Detailed Exam 44
Procedure 44
Critical Information-Ongoing Exam 44
Critical Information-Detailed Exam 45
Assessment and Management of the Trauma Patient 47
Procedure 47
Trauma Assessment-Treatment Decision Tree 49
Chapter 4 Initial Airway Management 53
Anatomy 54
The Patent Airway 60
Supplemental Oxygen 64
Normal Ventilation 64
Positive Pressure (Artificial) Ventilation 65
Compliance 66
Ventilation Techniques 66
Chapter 5 Airway Management Skills 71
Basic Airway Management 72
Advanced Airway Management 74
Chapter 6 Thoracic Trauma 85
Introduction 86
Anatomy 86
Pathophysiology 87
Assessment 88
Chapter 7 Thoracic Trauma Skills 102
Chest Decompression 102
Chapter 8 Shock Evaluation and Management 106
Basic Pathophysiology 107
Assessment: Signs and Symptoms of Shock 108
Evaluation of Tachycardia 110
The Shock Syndromes 110
Management of Post-Traumatic Shock States 114
Treatment of Post-Traumatic Hemorrhage 114
Special Situations 117
Treatment of Nonhemorrhagic Shock Syndromes-
(Mechanical and High-Space) 117
Current Uses for the Pneumatic Antishock Garment (PASG or MAST) 118
Chapter 9 Fluid Resuscitation Skills 121
Cannulation of the External Jugular Vein 121
Intraosseous Infusion 122
Length-Based Resuscitation Tapes 124
Chapter 10 Head Trauma 126
Anatomy of the Head 128
Pathophysiology of Head Trauma 129
Head Injuries 131
Evaluation of the Head Trauma Patient 134
Management of the Head Trauma Patient 140
Chapter 11 Spinal Trauma 144
The Normal Spinal Column and Cord 145
Mechanisms of Blunt Spinal Injury 148
Neurogenic Shock 150
Patient Assessment 150
Patient Management 151
Airway Intervention 159
Special SMR Situations 159
Chapter 12 Spine Management Skills 167
Essential Components of a Spinal Motion Restriction System 168
Patients Requiring Spinal Motion Restriction 168
SMR Using the Short Backboard 168
Emergency Rescue and Rapid Extrication 171
Procedure-SMR Using the Long Backboard 178
Helmet Management 185
Chapter 13 Abdominal Trauma 189
Anatomy 190
Types of Injuries 191
Evaluation and Stabilization 192
Chapter 14 Extremity Trauma 197
Injuries to Extremities 198
Assessment and Management 201
Management of Specific Injuries 205
Chapter 15 Extremity Trauma Skills 213
Use of Traction Splints 213
Chapter 16 Burns 221
Anatomy and Pathology 222
Initial Field Care 226
Special Problems in Burn Management 229
Secondary Transport 238
Pediatric Burns 238
Chapter 17 Trauma in Children 242
Communicating with the Child and Family 243
Equipment 245
Patient Assessment 245
Injuries 255
Child Restraint Seats 257
Chapter 18 Trauma in the Elderly 262
Pathophysiology of Aging 264
Assessment and Management of the Elderly Trauma Patient 266
Rapid Trauma Survey or Focused Exam 267
Chapter 19 Trauma in Pregnancy 272
Epidemiology 273
Physiological Changes in Pregnancy 273
Responses to Hypovolemia 274
Initial Assessment and Management 277
Types of Trauma 278
Trauma Prevention in Pregnancy 279
Chapter 20 Patients Under the Influence
of Alcohol or Drugs 283
Assessment and Management 284
The Uncooperative Patient 286
Chapter 21 The Trauma
Cardiopulmonary Arrest 290
Hypoxemia 291
Circulatory Problems 293
Approach to Trauma Patients in Cardiac Arrest 294
Chapter 22 Blood and Body Substance
Precautions in the Prehospital
Setting 298
Hepatitis B 300
Hepatitis C 301
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 301
Tuberculosis 302
Precautions for Prevention of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C,
and HIV Transmission 304
Appendix A Optional Skills 311
Optional Skill 1: Antishock Garment 311
Optional Skill 2: Digital Intubation 314
Optional Skill 3: Transillumination (Lighted Stylet) 316
Optional Skill 4: Esophageal Gastric Tube Airway 319
Optional Skill 5: Translaryngeal Jet Ventilation 322
Optional Skill 6: Pharyngotracheal Lumen Airway 323
Optional Skill 7: Esophageal Tracheal Combitube 327
Optional Skill 8: Laryngeal Mask Airway 328
Optional Skill 9: Adult Intraosseous Infusion 330
Appendix B Radio Communications 334
Four-Phase Communication Policy 334
Appendix C Documentation: The Written Report 339
The Written Report 339
Improving Documentation Skills 343
Appendix D Trauma Care in the Cold 346
Cold Weather and the Six Stages of an Ambulance Call 346
Appendix E Role of the Air Medical Helicopter 352
The Air Medical Helicopter and the Trauma Patient 353
BTLS and the Air Medical Helicopter 353
Appendix F Trauma Scoring in the Prehospital Care Setting 355
Appendix G Drowning, Barotrauma, and Decompression Injury 358
Drowning 358
Barotrauma 358
Decompression Illness 361
Management of Diving Injuries 362

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