Arguing in communities / Gary Layne Hatch.

Table of contents




PART I. ARGUING AND LIVING IN COMMUNITIES

1. Arguing Rational Persuasion: Logos
What is Arguing?
Logos: Persuasion through Reasons
What is Logos?

The Structure of an Argument: Claims
The Structure of an Argument: Reasons
The Structure of an Argument: Assumptions

Applying the Principles
Analyzing Logos
CHRISTOPHER LASCH, The Lost Art of Political Argument
Another Voice
WALTER LIPPMANN, The Indispensable Opposition

Explorations
* Reflecting on the Nature of Arguing
* Finding Claims, Reasons, and Assumptions
* Finding Arguments All Around
* Finding the Opposition

2. Ethos and Pathos
Ethos: Persuasion through Credibility
What is Ethos?
Creating Ethos
Ethos and Status

Pathos: Persuasion through Emotion
What is Pathos?
Creating Pathos
Locating Appeals to Emotions

Applying the Principles
Analyzing Ethos
The Utah Wilderness Debate: Letters to the Deseret News
A. DERK BECKSTRAND (PROVO), Wilds Designation Benefits Few
DAVID CARMAN (SALT LAKE CITY), Don’t Tag Too Much Land for Wilds
DAWN B. BRIMLEY (PROVO), Support Wilds for Sake of Beauty
GLENN C. ANDERSEN (VERNAL), Don’t Lock Up the Lands as Wilds
TERRY BREWER (SALT LAKE CITY), Do the Right Things: Protect Earth
F.T. GARDINER (PROVO), Wilderness is for the Elite
AMY S. MELLING (SALT LAKE CITY), Wilderness More than “Resource”
CARL CHILDREN (SALT LAKE CITY), We Must Protect Our Wilds—Now
WAYNE OWENS, Wilderness Bill Offers No Protection
The Wilderness Debate in the National Context
PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON, Remarks at Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
Analyzing Pathos
GRETCHEN LETTERMAN, Tiny Fighters Are Victims of Mothers’ Smoke
Analyzing Pathos in Advertisements
Dakin Toy Ad
American Red Cross Advertisement
Humane Farming Association Advertisement

Explorations
* Recalling Moments of Trust
* Recalling Moments of Emotion
* Reading for Ethos and Pathos
* Finding Ethos in Letters to the Editor
* Finding Ethos and Pathos in Everyday Objects
* Keeping Track of Arguments
* Is Television Watching You?

3. Communities and Conversation
Communities
Defining Community
Identifying Communities
Language and Community
The College Community as a Language Community
The Organization of Communities
Understanding How Communities are Structured
The Organization of Your College Community

Kairos: The Right Time and Place
What is Kairos?
Identifying Kairos
The Library: An Abundance of Times and Places

Applying the Principles
Understanding Communities
J.B. PRIESTLEY, Wrong Ism
Analyzing Library Resources

Explorations
Comparing Communities
Mapping the Organization of Your College
Reading the Organization of Your College
Observing Kairos

4. Identifying and Recording a Conversation
Identifying a Conversation
Recording the Conversation
Recording Real Conversations
Recording Virtual Conversations

Applying the Principles
The Process of Library Research
The Working Bibliography
Evaluating Sources: Print and Electronic
Citing and Documenting Sources
Sample Paper, MLA Style: WILL BRYSON, Free Press vs. Fair Trial: The Right of a Defendant to Keep Pre-Trial Activities Private
Sample Entries for a References Page: APA Style
Sample Paper: APA Style: JESSICA MISKIN, Children Testifying in Sexual Abuse Trials: Right to Emotional Safety vs. Right to Confrontation

Explorations
Becoming Familiar With Your Library’s Community
Background Study Guide
Gathering Folklore

5. Evaluating Arguments
Arguing in Communities
Difference
Responding to Difference
Arguing in Academic Communities
A General Method for Arguing in Communities

Analyzing and Evaluating Arguments
Evaluating Ethos
Evaluating Pathos
Evaluating Logos
Fallacies in Reasoning

Applying the Principles
Evaluating Statistical Arguments
STEPHEN BUDIANSKY, The Numbers Racket: How Polls and Statistics Lie
WILLIAM LUTZ, from Doublespeak
Identifying Logical Fallacies
MAX SHULMAN, Love is a Fallacy
RAY PERKINS, JR., Bad Logic is Bad News
STEVEN DOLOFF, Caveat Audiens: “Let the Listener Beware”

Explorations
Fallacies in the Letters to the Editor
Eavesdropping
Name that Fallacy
Curing the Fallacy
The Numbers Don’t Lie

6. Joining the Conversation
Finding Places to Enter the Conversation
Adapting to the Community
Finding Community-Based Reasons
Following the Conventions
Organizing the Argument

Challenging the Community
Applying the Principles
An Invitation to Join the Conversation
Joining a Community
BILL WODRASKA, The Gentle Art of Hunkering
ROBERTA MAYNARD, Help Newcomers Learn the Ropes
Adapting to the Community
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., Letter from Birmingham Jail
PAUL ALAN COX, from Nafanua: Saving the Samoan Rain Forest
Challenging the Community
HENRY LOUIS GATES, JR., The Charmer
SALLIE TISDALE, We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story

Explorations
Variations on a Brief Argument
Writing a Letter to the Editor
Writing a Member of Congress
Telling a Fable
Finding a Context for Arguments: Harper’s Magazine

7. Arguing in Electronic Communities
Computers and Community
Identifying Electronic Communities
Electronic Mail
Mailing Lists and Newsgroups
Chat Lines, MOOs and MUDS
An Invitation to Join an Electronic Community

Applying the Principles
The Nature of Electronic Communities
HOWARD RHEINGOLD, The Virtual Community: Introduction
AMY BRUCKMAN, Finding One’s Own in Cyberspace
Brain Tennis: An Example of Arguing in an Electronic Community
BILL HENDERSON AND TIM BARKOW, Luddite vs.
Fetishist

Explorations
You’ve Got Mail!
Homesteading the Frontier
Playing in the MUD
Tennis Anyone?

PART II. TYPES OF CLAIMS

8. Arguing Claims about Existence
Our Differences About Experience
Fact and Opinion
Past, Present, and Future
Questions about Experience

Questions about Existence
Arguing about Existence and the Nature of Reality
Experience as Evidence in Scholarly Writing
Reported Experience
Making Inferences about Experience

Applying the Principles
Two Views of Eyewitness Testimony
ELIZABETH F. LOFTUS, Eyewitnesses: Essential but Unreliable
BARRY WINSTON, Stranger Than True: Why I Defend Guilty Clients
Three Views of the Media and Reported Experience
NEIL POSTMAN AND STEVE POWERS, What is News?
MORGAN STRONG, Portions of the Gulf War Were Brought to You by . . . the Folks at Hill and Knowlton
JACK G. SHAHEEN, The Media’s Image of Arabs

Explorations
Keeping a Record of Your Experiences
Observing Campus Life
Thanks for the Memories
Becoming an Eyewitness
Reading the Newspaper
The Truth Is Out There

9. Arguing Claims about Causality
Types of Causes
Constructing Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
Arguing about Causality
Providing a Model or Theory to Explain Causality
Using Inductive Methods
Using an Analogy, Precedent, or Similar Case

Applying the Principles
Causes and Effects of American Obsessions
K.T. BERGER, Save the Car
VIRGINIA JENKINS, from The Lawn: A History of an American Obsession
Causes and Effects of Economic Inequality
ROBERT REICH, The Global Elite
JOHN KENNETH GALBRAITH, How to Get the Poor Off Our Conscience

Explorations
Ask Mr. Science
Inventing a Better Mousetrap
Understanding American Obsessions
Understanding Social Ills

10. Arguing About Language
Our Differences about Language
Arguing about Language
Arguing About Definitions
Denotation and Connotation
Euphemisms and Doublespeak
Defining Troublesome Terms
Evaluating a Definition
Arguing about How Language Should Be Used
Arguments as War
Gender Bias in Language

Applying the Principles
Arguing about Definitions: Language and Identity
HAIG BOSMAJIAN, Defining the “American Indian”: A Case Study in the Language of Suppression
MICHAEL CALLEN, AIDS: The Linguistic Battlefield
Two Views of Language and Advertising
LESLIE SAVAN, The Bribed Soul
CHARLES A. O’NEILL, The Language of Advertising
Defining a Troublesome Term: What is Love?
ROBERT SOLOMON, Models and Metaphors: “The Game of Love”

Explorations
Defining Troublesome Terms
Know Your Rights
Defining Your College
Finding Gender Bias
Caveat Emptor: “Let the Buyer Beware”

11. Arguing about Values
Our Disagreements about Values
Arguing about Values
Appeal to Authority and Principles
Consequences
Principles versus Consequences

Evaluation
Applying the Principles
Ethical Decisions in Business, Law, and Medicine
ALBERT Z. CARR, Is Business Bluffing Ethical?
MONROE H. FREEDMAN, Professional Responsibility of the Criminal Defense Lawyer: The Three Hardest Questions
RAYMOND S. DUFF AND A.G.M. CAMPBELL, Moral and Ethical Dilemmas in the Special-Care Nursery
Evaluating
CONSUMER REPORTS, Can Fast Food Be Good Food?

Explorations
The Raw and the Cooked
Comparison Shopping
Bland, Beautiful, and Boy Crazy

12. Arguing About Actions
Our Disagreements about Actions
Arguing about Actions
Problems and Solutions
Individual and Collective Action
A Model for Individual Decision-Making
A Model for Collective Decision-Making

Applying the Principles
Opposing Viewpoints on Social Actions
MOLLY IVINS, “Ban the Things. Ban Them All.”
WAYNE R. LAPIERRE, The Second Amendment: “The Right of the People to Keep and Bear Arms”
CORETTA SCOTT KING, The Death Penalty is a Step Back
H.L. MENCKEN, The Penalty of Death
A Brief Study of Collective Decision-Making
CAREY GOLDBERG, It’s a Control Thing: Vermont vs. Cell Phone Towers

Explorations
A Mock Parliament
A Moot Court
Meet the Press
Creating Kaizen
Adopting a Cause

PART III. CONTINUING THE CONVERSATION: AN ANTHOLOGY OF ARGUMENTS

13. Arguing about Concealed Weapons
Readings
Richard Dahl, Packing Heat
Jens Ludwig, Do Carry-Concealed-Weapons-Laws Deter Crime? No
John R. Lott, Jr., Do Carry-Concealed-Weapons-Laws Deter Crime? Yes

Explorations
Know the Law
Guns on Campus

14. Arguing about Access to the Internet
Readings
Raymond Lane, The Information Age Is Not Yet Here
Frederick L. McKissack, Jr., Cyberghetto: Blacks Are Falling through the Net
Gary T. Dempsey, The Myth of an Emerging Information Underclass

Explorations
Narrating Your Experience with Computers
Surveying Internet Use on Campus
Exploring the Net
Comparison Shopping

15. Arguing about Affirmative Action
Readings
Nathan Glazer, In Defense of Preference
Charles Krauthammer, Lies, Damn Lies, and Racial Statistics
Jesse Jackson, Save the Dream
George F. Will, Jesse Jackson Has It Backward

Explorations
Your College’s Affirmative Action Policy
Following California
Debating Affirmative Action

16. Arguing about Managed Health Care
Readings
Robert J. Samuelson, The Backlash against HMOs
Susan Brink, HMOs Were the Right RX
Ronald J. Glasser, M.D., The Doctor Is Not In: On the Managed Failure

Explorations
Visiting the Doctor
Checking Up on Your Health Care
Health Care on the Web

17. Arguing about Immigration
Readings
Jack Beatty, David Kennedy, Peter Brimelow, George Borjas, One Nation Inhospitable? An Online Debate
Leslie Marmon Silko, The Border Patrol State

Explorations
Answer Jack Beatty
Post and Riposte
The Rebirth of Memory

18. Arguing about Global Issues in the 21st Century
Readings
Wolfgang Sachs, Reinhard Loske, and Manfred Linz, Greening the North: Post-Industrial Blueprint for Ecology and Equity
Jessica Matthews, Are Networks Better Than Nations?
Jonathan Schell, The Gift of Time
Susan George, The Fast Castes

Explorations
NGOs on the Internet
Marking Time
Model United Nations

Index of Authors and Titles
Glossary of Terms












Includes index.