Handbook of informatics for nurses and health care professionals / Toni Hebda, Patricia Czar, Cynthia Mascara.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents


SECTION ONE GENERAL COMPUTER INFORMATION
CHAPTER 1 INFORMATICS IN THE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONS
Data, information, and knowledge
The nurse as knowledge worker
The significance of good information management
The definition and evolution of informatics
Informatics competencies for nurses
Applications of nursing informatics
Nursing practice
Nursing administration
Nursing education
Nursing research
The current status of health care delivery
Patient safety
The nursing shortage
Pressure to implement information technology (IT)
Consumer demands for quality and cost effective care
Research
Managed care
Benefits of nursing informatics for other health care professionals
Nursing informatics as a specialty area of practice
The role of the informatics nurse
The future of nursing informatics
The role of the nurse in information handling
The role of the nursing informatics specialist
Case study exercise
Summary
References
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND THE ROLES OF SUPPORT PERSONNEL
Hardware
Input devices
Central processing unit (CPU)
Secondary storage
Output devices
Computer categories (discusses handhelds and PDAs)
Peripheral hardware items
Networks
How computers work
Selection criteria
User needs
Physical constraints
Mobile and wireless computing
Software
Operating systems
Application software
Utility programs
Roles of support personnel
Superuser
Call desk and help desk personnel
Microcomputer or PC specialist
Analyst
Clinical liaison
Programmer
Network administrator
Trainer
Security officer
Chief information officer (CIO)
Webmaster
Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)
Chief E-health Officer (CeO)
Compliance officer
Disaster Planning & Recovery Officer
Interface Engineer
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 3 ENSURING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION
Data integrity
Ensuring correct data collection and entry
Educating personnel
System checks to ensure accurate data entry and completeness
Data verification techniques
How to minimize fraudlent information
Data management
Data storage
Outsourcing data management and storage
Data retrieval
Data exchange
Characteristics of quality information
Data Mining
Data cleansing
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 4 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION AND THE INTERNET
The Internet
E-mail (also discusses spam)
File transfer
The World Wide Web
Browsers
Search tools
Listservs
News groups
Bulletin board systems
Access to health care information
Professional Information sharing
Information for Conbsumers
Evaluation of on-line information
On-line publication and journals
Marketing services
E-health
Concerns related to the use of the internet
Firewalls
Web security
Organizational policy
Overload
Viral contamination
Intranets and extranets
Case study exercises
Summary
References
SECTION TWO HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 5 HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Clinical information systems
Nursing information systems
Nursing process approach
Critical Pathway/Protocols Approach
Clinician information systems
Monitoring systems
Order entry systems (includes computerized physician order entry (CPOE))
Laboratory systems
Radiology systems
Pharmacy systems
Automatic Medication Dispensing in the Pharmacy
Automatic Dispensing Systems on the Nursing Unit
Prevention of Medication Errors (includes e-prescribing)
Other clinical systems
Physician Practice Management Systems
Administrative systems
Registration systems
Scheduling systems
Decision support and expert systems
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 6 STRATEGIC PLANNING
The mission
Goals and objectives
Developing strategies
Strategic planning for information systems
Steps of the strategic planning process
Identification of goals and scope
Scanning the external and internal environments
Data analysis
Identification of potential solutions
Selecting a course of action
Implementation
Ongoing evaluation and feedback
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 7 SELECTING A HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Needs assessment
The steering committee
Consultants
Developing a common vision
Understanding the current system
Determining system requirements
Technical criteria
Administrative/General critera
Registration criteria
Order entry/results reporting criteria
Medical records criteria
System Selection
Additional sources of information
Request for information
Request for proposal
Strategies for a successful RFP
RFP design
Evaluation of RFP responses
Site visits
Contract negotiations
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 8 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE
System implementation
Develop an implementation committee
Install the system
Analyze hardware requirements
Develop procedures and documentation?
Testing
Provide training
Go-live planning
Common implementation pitfalls
Maintenance
User feedback and support
System maintenance
Technical maintenance
The information system?s life cycle
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 9 INFORMATION SYSTEMS TRAINING
Identification of training needs
User needs
Training class content
class schedules
Hardware and software requirements
Training costs
A training center
Training approaches
Proficiency testing
Additional training considerations
Training students
HIPAA Training
Case study exercises
Summary
References
Chapter 10 Information security and confidentiality
Privacy, confidentiality, and security
Information system security
Regulatory issues
Security risks
System penetration
Unauthorized users
Sabotage
Errors and Disasters
Viruses, Worms and other Malicious programs
Security mechanisms
Physical security
Passwords and other means of authentication (includes biometrics)
Firewalls
Application security
Antivirus software
Administrative and personnel issues
Level of access
User authentication
Personnel issues
System security management
Audit trails
Handling and disposal of confidential information
Computer printouts
Faxes
E-mail and the Internet
Web-based applications for health care
Electronic storage
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 11 NETWORK INTEGRATION
Interface engines
Integration issues
The need for integration standards
Data dictionary
Master patient index
Uniform language
Data exchange standards
Benefits of integration
Integration implications for nursing
Web-based integration solutions
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 12 THE ELECTRONIC OR COMPUTER-BASED PATIENT RECORD
Definitions
Characteristics of the EMR and CPR
Benefits of the EMR and CPR
Current status of the EMR and CPR
Impediments to EMR and CPR development
Electronic infrastructure
Cost
Vocabulary standardization
Caregiver resistance
Concerns associated with the EMR and CPR
Data integrity
Ownership of the patient record
Privacy and confidentiality
Electronic signature
Smart cards
Implications for the multi-hospital healthcare enterprise (CHINS)
Considerations for the future
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 13 REGULATORY AND ACCREDITATION ISSUES
Privacy and confidentiality issues
The health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA)
HIPAA standards
HIPAA compliance
Accreditation and reimbursement issues
JCAHO
CARF
NCQA
AHRQ
Reimbursement issues
Special facility issues
Geriatric and long-term facilities
psychiatric facilities
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 14 DISASTER PLANNING AND RECOVERY
What is disaster planning?
Advantages of disaster planning
Types of disasters
Environmental disaster
Bioterrorism
System failure
Steps of the disaster planning process
Identification of essential information
IS policy and procedure development
Backup and storage
Manual versus automated alternatives
Recovery
Salvaging damaged records
Recovery costs
Restarting the system
Using postdisaster feedback to improve planning
Case study exercises
Summary
References
SECTION THREE SPECIALTY APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 15 USING THE COMPUTER TO SUPPORT HEALTH CARE EDUCATION
Potential audiences for educational computer uses
Formal nursing education
Continuing education
Client education
Instructional applications of computer technology
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
Multimedia
Teleconferencing
Distance learning
Web-based instruction (WBI)
Computer labs
Educational opportunities in nursing informatics
PDA use in education
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 16 TELEHEALTH
Terms related to telehealth
Teleconferencing
Videoconferencing
Desktop Videoconferencing (DTV)
Historical background
Driving forces
Applications
On-line databases and tools
Education
Continuing education
Home health care
Legal and privacy issues
HIPAA
Referral and payment
Support personnel
Liability
Licensure issues
Confidentiality/privacy
Establishing a telehealth link
Formulating a telehealth plan
Building the supporting Framework
Human factors
Equipment
Telehealth costs
Technology issues
Telenursing
Using mobile and wireless computing to facilitate telehealth
Future development
Case study exercises
Summary
References
CHAPTER 17 RESEARCH
Using computers to support research
Identification of research topics
Literature searches
Data collection tools
Data analysis
Data presentation: graphics
Computer-aided research in nursing (Carin)
On-line access to databases
Impediments to health care research
Unified language efforts
Multi-institutional research
Research in real time
Collaborative research
Students using computers for research
Implications of HIPAA and other regulations for research
Case study exercises
Summary
References
Appendix A: internet primer
Appendix B: career resources on the internet
Appendix C: internet resources for nurses and health care professionals
Appendix D: case study exercises? suggested responses