design and fabrication of a dual powered ginger pulverizing machine Okucha, Doulas, Canogura.

CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................i
DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ ii
APPROVAL.................................................................................................................................. iii
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................................................................................v
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1
1.1 Background...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem statement ........................................................................................................2
1.3 Justification...................................................................................................................2
1.4 Purpose of the study .....................................................................................................3
1.5 Scope of study ..............................................................................................................3
1.6 Objectives.....................................................................................................................3
1.6.1 Main objective ...........................................................................................................3
1.6.2 Specific objectives.....................................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................4
2 LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................................4
2.1 Brief Description of Ginger Morphology.....................................................................4
2.2 Market of ginger in Uganda .........................................................................................5
2.3 Post-harvest operations of ginger.................................................................................5
2.3.1 Sorting .......................................................................................................................5
2.3.2 Trimming and washing..............................................................................................5
2.3.3 Curing ........................................................................................................................6
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2.3.4 Cleaning.....................................................................................................................6
2.4 Ginger processing.........................................................................................................7
2.5 Forms of ginger ............................................................................................................7
2.5.1 Uses of ginger............................................................................................................8
2.5.2 Dried ginger...............................................................................................................8
2.6 Drying of ginger ...........................................................................................................9
2.7 Traditional method of drying ginger ............................................................................9
2.8 Modern method of drying ginger .................................................................................9
2.9 Pulverizing or crushing ginger ...................................................................................10
2.10 Medium Scale Ginger pulverizing machine ...............................................................11
2.11 Mini ginger pulverizing machine ...............................................................................12
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................13
3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................13
3.1 Description of the machine.........................................................................................13
3.2 Principle of operation .................................................................................................14
3.3 Why the chain drive was chosen ................................................................................14
3.4 Specific objective 1: To design the different components of the machine.................14
3.5 Design considerations.................................................................................................14
3.6 Design of the hopper ..................................................................................................15
3.7 Design of the crushing chamber.................................................................................15
3.8 Design of the hammers...............................................................................................15
3.9 Crushing force and power requirement ......................................................................15
3.10 Power requirement for crushing .................................................................................15
3.11 Diameter of driving pulley .........................................................................................15
3.12 Diameter of the driven pulley.....................................................................................16
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3.13 Design of the drive belts.............................................................................................16
3.13.1 Center distance between the motor pulley and the main shaft pulley .....................16
3.13.2 Length of the belt.....................................................................................................16
3.13.3 Tensions in the belt..................................................................................................16
3.13.4 Speed of belt ............................................................................................................16
3.13.5 Power transmitted by the belt ..................................................................................16
3.14 Design of the chain drive............................................................................................17
3.15 First chain drive..........................................................................................................17
3.15.1 Number of teeth of the first driver sprocket ............................................................17
3.15.2 Design power...........................................................................................................17
3.15.3 Pitch circle diameter................................................................................................17
3.15.4 For the smaller sprocket ..........................................................................................17
3.15.5 For the larger sprocket.............................................................................................17
3.15.6 Pitch Line velocity of the smaller sprocket .............................................................17
3.15.7 Load on the chain ....................................................................................................18
3.15.8 Factor of safety ........................................................................................................18
3.15.9 Minimum Centre distance between the two sprockets............................................18
3.15.10 Number of chain links .............................................................................................18
3.15.11 Length of the chain ..................................................................................................18
3.16 Second chain drive .....................................................................................................18
3.16.1 Speed of second smaller sprocket............................................................................18
3.16.2 Number of teeth of second larger sprocket..............................................................18
3.16.3 Pitch circle diameter for the second smaller sprocket .............................................18
3.16.4 Pitch circle diameter for the second larger sprocket................................................19
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3.16.5 Pitch line velocity of the second smaller sprocket ..................................................19
3.16.6 Load on chain ..........................................................................................................19
3.16.7 Factor of safety ........................................................................................................19
3.16.8 Minimum Centre distance between the two sprockets............................................19
3.16.9 Number of links.......................................................................................................19
3.16.10 Length of chain........................................................................................................19
3.17 Design of the main frame ...........................................................................................19
3.18 Specific objective 2: To fabricate and assemble the designed components...............20
3.18.1 Material selection ....................................................................................................20
3.18.2 Bearing selection .....................................................................................................20
3.18.3 Power transmission selection...................................................................................20
3.18.4 Selection criterion of materials for various machine parts......................................21
3.19 Fabrication of the components ...................................................................................22
3.19.1 Fabrication of the Hopper........................................................................................22
3.19.2 Fabrication of the front cover..................................................................................22
3.19.3 Fabrication of the hammers.....................................................................................22
3.19.4 Fabrication of the sieve............................................................................................23
3.19.5 Fabrication of the main frame .................................................................................23
3.20 Assembly of the components......................................................................................23
3.21 Specific objective 3: Performance Evaluation of the Prototype.................................24
3.21.1 Output Capacity.......................................................................................................24
3.21.2 Crushing efficiency..................................................................................................25
3.22 Specific objective 4: To carry out economic evaluation of the machine ...................25
3.22.1 Depreciation.............................................................................................................25
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3.22.2 Payback period method ...........................................................................................25
3.22.3 Net present worth method........................................................................................25
CHAPTER FOUR .........................................................................................................................26
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS .....................................................................................26
5 CHAPTER FIVE...............................................................................................................44
5.1 EXPECTED OUTCOME, CHALLENGES, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATION................................................................................................................44
5.2 EXPECTED RESULTS .............................................................................................44
5.3 CHALLENGES..........................................................................................................44
5.4 CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................44
5.5 RECOMMENDATION..............................................................................................46
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................47
APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................

Includes bibliographies