Human physiology.

By:

Pocock, Gillian [author.]

Contributor(s):

Publisher: Oxford : Oxford University Press, [2012?]Edition: 4th edition / Gillian Pocock, senior lecturer in clinical science, Canterbury Chris Church University, Canterbury, UK, Christopher D. Richards, emeritus professor of experimental physiology, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, University College, London, UK, and David A. Richards, assistant professor, Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USADescription: xx, 815 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cmISBN:

9780199574933 (pbk.)

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

QT 104 P741h 2013

Contents:

Contents PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS IN PHYSIOLOGY 1. What is physiology? 1.1. Introduction 1.2. The organization of the body 1.3. Terms used in anatomical descriptions 1.4. The principal organ systems 1.5. Homeostasis 2. Key concepts in chemistry 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Molecules are specific combinations of atoms 2.3. Water and solutions 3. The chemical constitution of the body 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Body water 3.3. The carbohydrates 3.4. The lipids 3.5. The amino acids and proteins 3.6. The nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids PART TWO: THE ORGANIZATION AND BASIC FUNCTIONS OF CELLS 4. Introducing cells and tissues 4.1. Introduction 4.2. The structure and functions of the cellular organelles 4.3. Cell motility 4.4. Cell division 4.5. Epithelia 4.6. Energy metabolism in cells 5. The transport functions of the plasma membrane 5.1. Introduction 5.2. The permeability of cell membranes to ions and uncharged molecules 5.3. The active transport of ions and other molecules across cell membranes. Note continued: 5.4. The potassium gradient determines the resting membrane potential of cells 5.5. Secretion, exocytosis, andendocytosis 6. Principles of cell signalling 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Cells use diffusible chemical signals for paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic signalling 6.3. Chemical signals are detected by specific receptor molecules 6.4. Second messenger activation of signalling cascades 6.5. Some local mediators are synthesized as they are needed 6.6. Steroid and thyroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors to regulate gene transcription 6.7. Cells use specific cell-surface molecules to assemble into tissues 6.8. Gap junctions permit the exchange of small molecules and ions between neighbouring cells PART THREE: THE ECITABLE TISSUES-NERVE AND MUSCLE 7. Nerve cells and their connections 7.1. Introduction 7.2. The structure of the neurons and their axons 7.3. Axons transmit information via a sequence of action potentials 7.4. Chemical synapses. Note continued: 7.5. Neuromuscular transmission is an example of fast synaptic signaling at a chemical synapse 8. Muscle 8.1. Introduction 8.2. The structure of skeletal and cardiac muscle 8.3. How does a skeletal muscle contract? 8.4. The activation and mechanical properties of skeletal muscle 8.5. Cardiac muscle 8.6. Smooth muscle PART FOUR: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SPECIAL SENSES 9. Introduction to the nervous system 9.1. Introduction 9.2. The organization of the brain and spinal cord 9.3. The cellular constituents of the nervous system 10. The physiology of motor systems 10.1. Introduction 10.2. The hierarchical nature of motor control systems 10.3.Organization of the spinal cord 10.4. Reflex action and reflex arcs 10.5. The role of muscle proprioceptors in voluntary motor activity 10.6. Effects of injury to the spinal cord 10.7. Descending pathways involved in motor control 10.8. The control of posture 10.9. Goal-directed movements. Note continued: 10.10. The role of the cerebellum in motor control -- 10.11. The basal ganglia 10.12. Concluding remarks 11. The autonomic nervous system 11.1. Introduction 11.2.Organization of the autonomic nervous system 11.3. Chemical transmission in the autonomic nervous system 11.4. Central nervous control of autonomic activity 11.5. Disorders of autonomic function 12. Sensory systems 12.1. Introduction 12.2. The somatosensory system 12.3. Pain 12.4. Itch 12.5. The physiology of the eye and visual pathways 12.6. The physiology of the ear-hearing and balance 12.7. The chemical senses-smell and taste 13. Some aspects of higher nervous function 13.1. Introduction 13.2. The specific functions of the left and right hemispheres 13.3. Speech 13.4. The EEG can be used to monitor the activity of the brain 13.5. Sleep 13.6. Circadian rhythms 13.7. Learning and memory PART FIVE: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 14. Introduction to the endocrine system. 14.1. Introduction 14.2. The chemical nature of hormones and their carriage in the blood 14.3. The mechanism of action of hormones 14.4. Measurement of hormone levels in body fluids 14.5. Patterns of hormone secretion-circadian rhythms and feedback control 15. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus 15.1. Introduction 15.2. The hypothalamo-pituitary axis 15.3. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin 15.4. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) 15.5. Pituitary glycoprotein hormones: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) 15.6. The role of the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) 16. The thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands 16.1. Introduction 16.2. The thyroid gland 16.3. Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D metabolites, and calcitonin: the endocrine regulation of plasma calcium and phosphate -- 16.4. The adrenal glands. 17. The endocrine pancreas and the regulation of plasma glucose 17.1. Introduction 17.2.Organs involved in the handling of glucose 17.3. Insulin and glucagon provide short-term regulation of plasma glucose levels 17.4. Other hormones involved in the regulation of plasma glucose 17.5. Plasma glucose regulation following a meal 17.6. Lack of pancreatic insulin results in diabetes mellitus 17.7. Consequences of hypoglycaemia PART SIX: BLOOD AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 18. The properties of blood 18.1. Introduction 18.2. The physical and chemical characteristics of plasma 18.3. The formed elements of the blood 18.4. Haematopoiesis-the formation of blood cells 18.5. Iron metabolism 18.6. The carriage of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood 18.7. Major disorders of the red and white blood cells 18.8. Mechanisms of haemostasis 18.9. Blood transfusions and the ABO system of blood groups 19. Defence against infection: the immune system 19.1. Introduction. 19.2. Passive barriers to infection 19.3. Self and non-self 19.4. The natural immune system 19.5. The adaptive immune system 19.6. Disorders of the immune system 19.7. Transplantation and the immune system PART SEVEN: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 20. Introduction to the cardiovascular system 20.1. Introduction 20.2. The gross anatomy and organization of the circulation 20.3. The structure of the systemic blood vessels 20.4. The nerve supply of the cardiovascular system 21. The heart 21.1. Introduction 21.2. The initiation of the heartbeat 21.3. The heart as a pump-the cardiac cycle 21.4. The heart sounds 21.5. The measurement of cardiac output 21.6. Cardiodynamics 21.7. Heart failure 22. The electrocardiogram 22.1. Introduction 22.2. Recording the ECG 22.3. How the electrical activity of the heart gives rise to the ECG 22.4. Clinical aspects of electrocardiography 22.5. Treatment of arrhythmias 23. The circulation 23.1. Introduction. 23.2. Pressure and flow in the circulation 23.3. The mechanisms that control the calibre of blood vessels 23.4. The role of the central nervous system in the control of the circulation 23.5. Hypertension 23.6. Regional circulations 24. The microcirculation and lymphatic system 24.1. Introduction 24.2. The organization of the microcirculation 24.3. Solute exchange between the capillaries and the tissues 24.4. Exchange of fluid between the capillaries and the interstitium 24.5. The organization and role of the lymphatic system PART EIGHT: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 25. Introduction to the respiratory system 25.1. Introduction 25.2. The application of the gas laws to respiratory physiology 25.3. The structure of the respiratory tree 25.4. The mechanics of breathing 25.5. Alveolar ventilation and dead space 25.6. The bronchial and pulmonary circulations 25.7. The control of respiration 25.8. Pulmonary defence mechanisms. 25.9. Some common disorders of respiration 25.10. Insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues-hypoa and its causes 25.11. Respiratory failure 26. The physiology of high altitude and diving 26.1. Introduction 26.2. The physiological effects of high altitude 26.3. The effects of high environmental pressure 26.4. Breath-hold diving PART NINE: THE REGULATION OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 27. The kidneys and the regulation of the internal environment 27.1. Introduction 27.2. The anatomical organization of the kidneys and urinary tract 27.3. Renal blood flow is kept constant by autoregulation 27.4. The nephron regulates the internal environment by ultrafiltration, followed by selective modification of the filtrate -- 27.5. Tubular absorption and secretion 27.6. Tubular transport in the loop of Henle 27.7. The distal tubules regulate the ionic balance of the body 27.8. The kidneys regulate the osmolality of the plasma by adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed by the collecting ducts. 27.9. The collection and voiding of urine 27.10. Changes in renal function with age and renal failure 28. Fluid and electrolyte balance 28.1. Introduction 28.2. The distribution of body water between compartments 28.3. Body fluid osmolality and volume are regulated independently 28.4. Dehydration and disorders of water balance 28.5. Haemorrhage 28.6. Oedema 28.7. Disorders of electrolyte balance 29. Acid-base balance 29.1. Introduction 29.2. The physical chemistry of acid-base balance 29.3.at factors determine the pH of an aqueous solution? 29.4. How the body regulates plasma pH 29.5. Primary disturbances in acid-base balance 29.6. Disorders of acid-base balance are compensated by respiratory and renal mechanisms 29.7. Clinical evaluation of the acid-base status of a patient using the pH-[HCO3-] diagram PART TEN: THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM 30. The physiology of the digestive system 30.1. Introduction. 30.2. The general organization of the gastrointestinal system 30.3. Intake of food, chewing, and salivary secretion 30.4. The stomach 30.5. The composition of gastric juice 30.6. The regulation of gastric secretion 30.7. The storage, mixing, and propulsion of gastric contents 30.8. The small intestine 30.9. Motility of the small intestine 30.10. The exocrine functions of the pancreas 30.11. The absorption of digestion products in the small intestine 30.12. The large intestine 31. The liver and gall bladder 31.1. Introduction 31.2. The structure of the liver 31.3. The hepatic circulation 31.4. Bile production by the hepatocytes 31.5. The excretory role of bile 31.6. Energy metabolism and the liver 31.7. Endocrine functions of the liver 31.8. Detoxification by the liver 31.9. Liver failure 32. The nutritional needs of the body 32.1. Introduction 32.2. The principal requirements for a balanced diet. 32.3. Regulation of dietary intake 32.4. Measurements used to monitor nutritional status 32.5. Enteral and parenteral nutritional support PART ELEVEN: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH 33. The physiology of the male and female reproductive systems 33.1. Introduction 33.2. Reproductive physiology of the male 33.3. Reproductive physiology of the female 33.4. Activation and regression of the gonads-puberty and the menopause 34. Fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation 34.1. Introduction 34.2. The sexual reflexes 34.3. Fertilization 34.4.implantation and formation of the placenta 34.5. The placenta as an organ of exchange between mother and fetus 34.6. The placenta as an endocrine organ 34.7. The infant is delivered around 38 weeks after conception: what triggers parturition? 34.8. Changes in maternal physiology during gestation 34.9. Nutritional requirements of pregnancy 34.10.lactation-the synthesis and secretion of milk after delivery. 34.11. Lactation is triggered by the fall in steroid secretion that follows delivery 35. Fetal and neonatal physiology 35.1. Introduction 35.2. The fetal circulation is arranged to make the best use of a poor oxygen supply 35.3. Respiratory and cardiovascular changes at birth 35.4. Following delivery, the fetal circulation adapts to pulmonary gas exchange 35.5. The fetal adrenal glands and kidneys 35.6. The gastrointestinal tract of the fetus and neonate 35.7. Temperature regulation in the newborn infant 35.8. Development of the male and female reproductive systems 36. The physiology of bone and the control of growth 36.1. Introduction 36.2. The physiology of bone 36.3. Bone development and growth (osteogenesis) 36.4. The role of growth hormone in the control of growth 36.5. The role of other hormones in the process of growth 36.6. Disorders of the skeleton 36.7. Growth of cells, tissues, and organs. 36.8. Alterations in cell differentiation-carcinogenesis PART TWELVE: INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 37. Energy balance and the control of metabolic rate 37.1. Introduction 37.2. The chemical processes of the body produce heat 37.3. Energy balance 37.4. How much heat is liberated by metabolism? 37.5. Basal metabolic rate and the factors that affect it 37.6. Physiological factors that affect metabolic rate 37.7. The actions of hormones on energy metabolism 38. The physiology of exercise 38.1. Introduction 38.2. Metabolism in exercise 38.3. Cardiovascular and respiratory adjustments during exercise 38.4. Matching cardiac output and ventilation to the demands of exercise 38.5. Effects of training 39. The regulation of body temperature 39.1. Introduction 39.2. Natural variations in body temperature in health 39.3. Heat exchange between the body surface and the environment 39.4. The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of body temperature. 39.5. Thermoregulatory responses to cold 39.6. Thermoregulatory responses to heat 39.7. Disorders of thermoregulation 39.8. Special thermoregulatory problems of the newborn 39.9. Fever.

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Holdings
Item type	Current library	Call number	Copy number	Status	Date due	Barcode
Book Open Access	Health Sciences Library	QT 104 P741h 2013 (Browse shelf(Opens below))	1	Available		MBAL22030782

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents

PART ONE: BASIC CONCEPTS IN PHYSIOLOGY

1. What is physiology?
1.1. Introduction
1.2. The organization of the body
1.3. Terms used in anatomical descriptions
1.4. The principal organ systems
1.5. Homeostasis

2. Key concepts in chemistry
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Molecules are specific combinations of atoms
2.3. Water and solutions
3. The chemical constitution of the body
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Body water
3.3. The carbohydrates
3.4. The lipids
3.5. The amino acids and proteins
3.6. The nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids

PART TWO: THE ORGANIZATION AND BASIC FUNCTIONS OF CELLS

4. Introducing cells and tissues
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The structure and functions of the cellular organelles
4.3. Cell motility
4.4. Cell division
4.5. Epithelia
4.6. Energy metabolism in cells

5. The transport functions of the plasma membrane
5.1. Introduction
5.2. The permeability of cell membranes to ions and uncharged molecules
5.3. The active transport of ions and other molecules across cell membranes. Note continued:
5.4. The potassium gradient determines the resting membrane potential of cells
5.5. Secretion, exocytosis, andendocytosis

6. Principles of cell signalling
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Cells use diffusible chemical signals for paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic signalling
6.3. Chemical signals are detected by specific receptor molecules
6.4. Second messenger activation of signalling cascades
6.5. Some local mediators are synthesized as they are needed
6.6. Steroid and thyroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors to regulate gene transcription
6.7. Cells use specific cell-surface molecules to assemble into tissues
6.8. Gap junctions permit the exchange of small molecules and ions between neighbouring cells

PART THREE: THE ECITABLE TISSUES-NERVE AND MUSCLE

7. Nerve cells and their connections
7.1. Introduction
7.2. The structure of the neurons and their axons
7.3. Axons transmit information via a sequence of action potentials
7.4. Chemical synapses. Note continued:
7.5. Neuromuscular transmission is an example of fast synaptic signaling at a chemical synapse

8. Muscle
8.1. Introduction
8.2. The structure of skeletal and cardiac muscle
8.3. How does a skeletal muscle contract?
8.4. The activation and mechanical properties of skeletal muscle
8.5. Cardiac muscle
8.6. Smooth muscle

PART FOUR: THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SPECIAL SENSES
9. Introduction to the nervous system
9.1. Introduction
9.2. The organization of the brain and spinal cord
9.3. The cellular constituents of the nervous system

10. The physiology of motor systems
10.1. Introduction
10.2. The hierarchical nature of motor control systems
10.3.Organization of the spinal cord
10.4. Reflex action and reflex arcs
10.5. The role of muscle proprioceptors in voluntary motor activity
10.6. Effects of injury to the spinal cord
10.7. Descending pathways involved in motor control
10.8. The control of posture
10.9. Goal-directed movements. Note continued: 10.10. The role of the cerebellum in motor control --
10.11. The basal ganglia
10.12. Concluding remarks

11. The autonomic nervous system
11.1. Introduction
11.2.Organization of the autonomic nervous system
11.3. Chemical transmission in the autonomic nervous system
11.4. Central nervous control of autonomic activity
11.5. Disorders of autonomic function

12. Sensory systems
12.1. Introduction
12.2. The somatosensory system
12.3. Pain
12.4. Itch
12.5. The physiology of the eye and visual pathways
12.6. The physiology of the ear-hearing and balance
12.7. The chemical senses-smell and taste

13. Some aspects of higher nervous function
13.1. Introduction
13.2. The specific functions of the left and right hemispheres
13.3. Speech
13.4. The EEG can be used to monitor the activity of the brain
13.5. Sleep
13.6. Circadian rhythms
13.7. Learning and memory

PART FIVE: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
14. Introduction to the endocrine system.
14.1. Introduction
14.2. The chemical nature of hormones and their carriage in the blood
14.3. The mechanism of action of hormones
14.4. Measurement of hormone levels in body fluids
14.5. Patterns of hormone secretion-circadian rhythms and feedback control

15. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus
15.1. Introduction
15.2. The hypothalamo-pituitary axis
15.3. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin
15.4. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
15.5. Pituitary glycoprotein hormones: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) 15.6. The role of the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

16. The thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands
16.1. Introduction
16.2. The thyroid gland
16.3. Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D metabolites, and calcitonin: the endocrine regulation of plasma calcium and phosphate --
16.4. The adrenal glands.

17. The endocrine pancreas and the regulation of plasma glucose
17.1. Introduction
17.2.Organs involved in the handling of glucose
17.3. Insulin and glucagon provide short-term regulation of plasma glucose levels
17.4. Other hormones involved in the regulation of plasma glucose
17.5. Plasma glucose regulation following a meal
17.6. Lack of pancreatic insulin results in diabetes mellitus
17.7. Consequences of hypoglycaemia

PART SIX: BLOOD AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
18. The properties of blood
18.1. Introduction
18.2. The physical and chemical characteristics of plasma
18.3. The formed elements of the blood
18.4. Haematopoiesis-the formation of blood cells
18.5. Iron metabolism
18.6. The carriage of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood
18.7. Major disorders of the red and white blood cells
18.8. Mechanisms of haemostasis
18.9. Blood transfusions and the ABO system of blood groups

19. Defence against infection: the immune system
19.1. Introduction.
19.2. Passive barriers to infection
19.3. Self and non-self
19.4. The natural immune system
19.5. The adaptive immune system
19.6. Disorders of the immune system
19.7. Transplantation and the immune system

PART SEVEN: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

20. Introduction to the cardiovascular system
20.1. Introduction
20.2. The gross anatomy and organization of the circulation
20.3. The structure of the systemic blood vessels
20.4. The nerve supply of the cardiovascular system

21. The heart
21.1. Introduction
21.2. The initiation of the heartbeat
21.3. The heart as a pump-the cardiac cycle
21.4. The heart sounds
21.5. The measurement of cardiac output
21.6. Cardiodynamics
21.7. Heart failure

22. The electrocardiogram
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Recording the ECG
22.3. How the electrical activity of the heart gives rise to the ECG
22.4. Clinical aspects of electrocardiography
22.5. Treatment of arrhythmias

23. The circulation
23.1. Introduction.
23.2. Pressure and flow in the circulation
23.3. The mechanisms that control the calibre of blood vessels
23.4. The role of the central nervous system in the control of the circulation
23.5. Hypertension
23.6. Regional circulations

24. The microcirculation and lymphatic system
24.1. Introduction
24.2. The organization of the microcirculation
24.3. Solute exchange between the capillaries and the tissues
24.4. Exchange of fluid between the capillaries and the interstitium
24.5. The organization and role of the lymphatic system

PART EIGHT: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

25. Introduction to the respiratory system
25.1. Introduction
25.2. The application of the gas laws to respiratory physiology
25.3. The structure of the respiratory tree
25.4. The mechanics of breathing
25.5. Alveolar ventilation and dead space
25.6. The bronchial and pulmonary circulations
25.7. The control of respiration
25.8. Pulmonary defence mechanisms.
25.9. Some common disorders of respiration
25.10. Insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues-hypoa and its causes
25.11. Respiratory failure

26. The physiology of high altitude and diving
26.1. Introduction
26.2. The physiological effects of high altitude
26.3. The effects of high environmental pressure
26.4. Breath-hold diving

PART NINE: THE REGULATION OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

27. The kidneys and the regulation of the internal environment
27.1. Introduction
27.2. The anatomical organization of the kidneys and urinary tract
27.3. Renal blood flow is kept constant by autoregulation
27.4. The nephron regulates the internal environment by ultrafiltration, followed by selective modification of the filtrate --
27.5. Tubular absorption and secretion
27.6. Tubular transport in the loop of Henle
27.7. The distal tubules regulate the ionic balance of the body
27.8. The kidneys regulate the osmolality of the plasma by adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed by the collecting ducts.
27.9. The collection and voiding of urine
27.10. Changes in renal function with age and renal failure

28. Fluid and electrolyte balance
28.1. Introduction
28.2. The distribution of body water between compartments
28.3. Body fluid osmolality and volume are regulated independently
28.4. Dehydration and disorders of water balance
28.5. Haemorrhage
28.6. Oedema
28.7. Disorders of electrolyte balance

29. Acid-base balance
29.1. Introduction
29.2. The physical chemistry of acid-base balance
29.3.at factors determine the pH of an aqueous solution?
29.4. How the body regulates plasma pH
29.5. Primary disturbances in acid-base balance
29.6. Disorders of acid-base balance are compensated by respiratory and renal mechanisms
29.7. Clinical evaluation of the acid-base status of a patient using the pH-[HCO3-] diagram

PART TEN: THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
30. The physiology of the digestive system
30.1. Introduction.
30.2. The general organization of the gastrointestinal system
30.3. Intake of food, chewing, and salivary secretion
30.4. The stomach
30.5. The composition of gastric juice
30.6. The regulation of gastric secretion
30.7. The storage, mixing, and propulsion of gastric contents
30.8. The small intestine
30.9. Motility of the small intestine
30.10. The exocrine functions of the pancreas
30.11. The absorption of digestion products in the small intestine
30.12. The large intestine

31. The liver and gall bladder
31.1. Introduction
31.2. The structure of the liver
31.3. The hepatic circulation
31.4. Bile production by the hepatocytes
31.5. The excretory role of bile
31.6. Energy metabolism and the liver
31.7. Endocrine functions of the liver
31.8. Detoxification by the liver
31.9. Liver failure

32. The nutritional needs of the body
32.1. Introduction
32.2. The principal requirements for a balanced diet.
32.3. Regulation of dietary intake
32.4. Measurements used to monitor nutritional status
32.5. Enteral and parenteral nutritional support

PART ELEVEN: REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

33. The physiology of the male and female reproductive systems
33.1. Introduction
33.2. Reproductive physiology of the male
33.3. Reproductive physiology of the female
33.4. Activation and regression of the gonads-puberty and the menopause

34. Fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation
34.1. Introduction
34.2. The sexual reflexes
34.3. Fertilization
34.4.implantation and formation of the placenta
34.5. The placenta as an organ of exchange between mother and fetus
34.6. The placenta as an endocrine organ
34.7. The infant is delivered around

38 weeks after conception: what triggers parturition?
34.8. Changes in maternal physiology during gestation
34.9. Nutritional requirements of pregnancy
34.10.lactation-the synthesis and secretion of milk after delivery.
34.11. Lactation is triggered by the fall in steroid secretion that follows delivery

35. Fetal and neonatal physiology
35.1. Introduction
35.2. The fetal circulation is arranged to make the best use of a poor oxygen supply
35.3. Respiratory and cardiovascular changes at birth
35.4. Following delivery, the fetal circulation adapts to pulmonary gas exchange
35.5. The fetal adrenal glands and kidneys
35.6. The gastrointestinal tract of the fetus and neonate
35.7. Temperature regulation in the newborn infant
35.8. Development of the male and female reproductive systems

36. The physiology of bone and the control of growth
36.1. Introduction
36.2. The physiology of bone
36.3. Bone development and growth (osteogenesis)
36.4. The role of growth hormone in the control of growth
36.5. The role of other hormones in the process of growth
36.6. Disorders of the skeleton
36.7. Growth of cells, tissues, and organs.
36.8. Alterations in cell differentiation-carcinogenesis

PART TWELVE: INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY

37. Energy balance and the control of metabolic rate
37.1. Introduction
37.2. The chemical processes of the body produce heat
37.3. Energy balance
37.4. How much heat is liberated by metabolism?
37.5. Basal metabolic rate and the factors that affect it
37.6. Physiological factors that affect metabolic rate
37.7. The actions of hormones on energy metabolism

38. The physiology of exercise
38.1. Introduction
38.2. Metabolism in exercise
38.3. Cardiovascular and respiratory adjustments during exercise
38.4. Matching cardiac output and ventilation to the demands of exercise
38.5. Effects of training

39. The regulation of body temperature
39.1. Introduction
39.2. Natural variations in body temperature in health
39.3. Heat exchange between the body surface and the environment
39.4. The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of body temperature.
39.5. Thermoregulatory responses to cold
39.6. Thermoregulatory responses to heat
39.7. Disorders of thermoregulation
39.8. Special thermoregulatory problems of the newborn
39.9. Fever.

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Busitema Library Catalog

Human physiology.