Acid related diseases : biology and treatment / Irvin M. Modlin, George Sachs.

Includes bibliographical references.

Contents
The Production of Acid in the Stomach
The Discovery of Acid.
From antiquity to the 18th century
"The nature of digestive agents
Prout and the proton .
The Discovery of Ion Pumps
Bioenergetics and chemi-osmosis
PATPases
Ion-Motive Adenosine Triphosphatases
Multimeric pumps
Oligomeric pumps
The Gastric Acid Pump
Reaction pathway of the HIK ATPase .
Kinetics of the H,K ATPase .
Membrane potential and the
2D structure of the gastric HKATPase
The Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion
Towards an Understanding of the Physiology of the Stomach
"Gastric fistulae: a unique opportunity
"Ln milieu interieur"
Defining gastric secretion
Concepts of digestion
Vagal function and gastric function
Ulcer models and EGF
The role of histamine
The discovery of hormones
Gastric Acid Secretion
Central regulation
Neural regulation o acid secretion
Paracrine regulation .
Endocrine regulation
Control ofgastric acidity
Cellular regulation 8.
G cells
D cells
Knockout m odels .
The Parietal C ell
Development of the parietal cell
Morphology of the parietal cell .
Receptors
intracellular signals
Activation of the HK ATPase
Assembly and trafficking of the H,K ATPase
Synthesis and turnover of the H,K ATPase
Parietal cell homeostasis
Pharmacology of acid secretion
History of Therapeutic Approaches to Acid Related Diseases
The evolution of therapy
Diet
Surgery .
Gastroprotection
Receptor pharmacology
Proton pump inhibitors .
Inhibition of the Histamine-2 Receptor .
Fistamine antagonists
The histamine-2 receptor .
Pharmacology of the receptor
Inhibition of the Gastric Acid Pump
P2-type ATPases
Targets of the PPIs
The substituted pyridal methylsulfinyl benzimidazoles
Reversal of acid-secretory inhibition
Improvement of PPI profile
Therapy with PPIs
Mechanism of acid pump antagonists
The Biology of Acid Related Disease.
The Barriers of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract .
Introduction
H istorical aspects
The esophageal epithelium
Esophageal healing
Rationale for treatment of GERD with PPIs
The gastric epithelium
Duodenal barrier
Intragastric pH
Hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria
Quantification of gastric acid secretion
Factors affecting gastric acid secretion
Low -acid states
Clinical relevance of gastrin levels and PPI therapy
Pepsin
History of pepsinogen
Properties ofpepsinogen
Pepsinogen
Regulation of secretion
Miscellaneous agents
Significance of pepsinogen
Intrinsic Factor .
Historical issues .
Cobalamin
Intrinsic factor
Cobalamin absorption
Regulation of Growth of Gastric Epithelium .
Introduction
Cell growth in the stomach
Growth receptors in gastric mucosa .
Keratinocyte growth factor
Epithelial restitution
Mucosal healing and trefoil peptides
Interference with gastric healing
Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer Disease
History
Introduction
Early management of peptic ulcer disease .
Gastric surgery
Surgery of the vagus
Peptic Ulcer Disease
General
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Medical management .
Complications of peptic ulcer disease
Hypergastrinemia
Gastric Carcinoid
H istology
D evelopm ent
Experimental model Mastomys natalensis .
Clinical considerations
Dyspepsia
Non-ulcer dyspepsia
Dyspepsia and heartburn
Intravenous Anti-Secretory Therapy
Introduction
Evolution of intravenous access
Therapeutic infusion of fluid
Blood as intravenous therapy
Intravenous medication
Acute control of acid secretion
Intravenous therapy
Cliical aspects of intravenous acid suppression
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Evolution of the Disease and Its Management .
Introduction
Ye meri or ysopaghus
The etymology of symptomatotlogy
Esophagitis
The Beatitude of Barrett .
Asher Winkelstein .
Hiatus hernia
The evolution of surgical strategies
Nissen and fundoplication
Belsey of Bristol
Surgery redivivus-laparoscopy
Pediatric issues .
Current status
Etiology
Biology
The esophageal epithelium
Esophageal anatomy and physiology
Gastroesophageal junction
The lower esophageal sphincter .
Physiology and Functional Studies
Esophageal function testing
Pathophysiology
Management
Lower esophageal sphincter Afnction in gastroesophageal reflux disease
Therapeutic targets
Gastric acidity
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal pH F
Helicobacter pylo
Determination of gastroesophageal reflux disease and management
Economics
Acute-phase gastroesophageal reflux disease treatment
Maintenance treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Barrett's
Malignant transformation of the esophageal epithelium
Bnarrett esophagus
Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma
Management guidelines
Summation
Consensus
Managempent consensus
Definitions and symptoms
Pathophysiology
Barrett's esophagus
Medical therapy
Nonmedical therapy
Helicobacter pylorin
Conclusion
Helicobacter pylorin.
H-istory
Introduction
Early bacteriology
Early data on gastric bacteriology
Twentieth century
Ammonia and gastric urease
Discovery of Helicobacter pylori and its etiologic role
in peptic ulcer
Biologic Basis of Gastric Colonization by Helicobacter .
Introduction
The nature of Helicobacter pylori
Acid and Helicobacter pylori
Effects of acute changes of medium pH
Metabolism as a function of medium pH
Acid-adaptive mechanisms in Helicobacter pylori
Pathogenesis
Infection and Its Consequences
Gastric acid secretion after infection
Helicobacter pylori and its gastric environment .
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Diagnosis
Relevance as a disease entity
Epidemiology
Treatment
The Twenty-First Century