Refugee law and policy : a comparative and international approach / Karen Musalo, Jennifer Moore, Richard A. Boswell.

CONTENT

Chapter 1. The International origins of refugee Law

A. Overview
B. The Ancient Roots of Refugee Protection
C. Twentieth Century Ultra- nationalism and the Creation of the "New Refugees
D. The Crystallization of an International Refugee Protection Regime ( 1921-1951 )
E. The evolution of the Modern International Law Definition of the Refugee ( 1920 - 1951 )
F. The UN. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees
G.. The Fundamental Challenges of Refugee
H. Contemporary and Expanded Notions of the Refugee

Chapter 2. international Norms and State Practice

A. Introduction
B. U.S. Law and International Norms
C. Selected Issues U.S Compliance with International Norms
D. Asylum Policy in the European Union
E. South Africa's Emerging Refugee Protection

Chapter 3. Degrees of Risk. the standard of Proof for non- refoulement ; Not all Refugees are Entitled to non-refoulement

A. Introduction
B. I.N.S v Stevic: The Standard of Proof for Non-refoulement ; Not all refugees are Non-refoulement
C. The standard of proof for Refugee Status
D. The Interpretation of the Well- Founded Fear Standard
E. Garcia- Ramos- The U.S Courts Distinguish the Asylum and Withholding /Restriction Standards

Chapter 4. The Definition of Persecution - Its Forms and Sources
A. Introduction
B. The Relationship Between human rights Norms and Persecution Refugee Status Appeals Authority (1999) 2000 Note
C. The Forms of Persecution
D. The Origin of Persecution

Chapter 5. The Nexus Requirement
A. Introduction
B. United States Jurisprudence
C. International and Comparative Practice on the Requirement of Nexus
D. Protection Under the Torture Convection

Chapter 6. Persecution on account of Political Opinion
A. Introduction
B. Persecution on Account of Political Opinion : When are activists & Opinion Political
C. Selected issues Prosecution vs Persecution , Refusal to Serve in the Military and Coercive Population Control

Chapter 7. persecution on Account of Religion
A. Introduction
B. Freedom of religion in International Norms :united states , United kingdom and Australia
C. Difference Degrees of Consistency with international Norms : United States , United kingdom and Australia
D. U.S Constitutional Law Principles : First Amendment Free Exercise of Religion
E. Overlapping Grounds of Persecution

Chapter 8 .Persecution Based on Race or Nationality

A. Introduction
B. Basic Concepts
C. historical Perspective on Nationalism and Persecution
D. An Analysis of asylum Claims Based Upon Race or Nationality from the Perspective of the UNHCR Handbook
E. Treatment of race Nationality Claims in U. S Courts

Chapter 9 Persecution based on Membership in a Particular Social Group

A. Introduction
B. Conceptual Background
C. Nexus and Social Group
D. Treatment of Social Group
E Comparative Law Analysis of Social Group Claims

Chapter 10. Gender-related Claims to refuge Status

A. Introduction
B. Conceptual background: the Women's Human Rights Movement and the Challenge of International protection for Refugee Women
C. An Analysis of gender -related
D. The Treatment of Refugee Women's Claims in U.S Courts
E. Comparative Law Analysis of Gender - Related Claims

Chapter 11. Qualifications Upon Protection
A. Introduction
B. The Exclusion Clauses of Article I.F
C. Article 33.2 -Particularly Serious Crimes
D. Applying the Exclusion Clauses
E. Comparative Charts of Refugee Convention and INA qualification on Protection

Chapter 12. The process and rights of Asylum Seekers

A. Introduction
B. An International Perspective on Procedures
C. Realpolitik Constraints
D. Limits on Constitutional Protection for asylum Seekers in the United States
E. Selected Issues in State Practice

Chapter 13. Proving the Chain

A. Introduction
B. International Perspective
C. Establishing the Facts - Selected Issues
D. Credibility Determination from the Perspective

Chapter 14. Current and Future : Challenges in Refugee Protection

A. Introduction
B. UNHCR: The United Nations Refugee Agency Renews its Commitment to Refugee Protection in the Twenty - first Century
C. Temporary Protection and Complementary Protection a Retreat from Asylum or an Overture to Protection
D. Non-Refoulement to Human Rights Emergencies Harbinger of a Customary Norm
E. Reponding to the Internally Displaced. The Problem of Failed States and the Concept of Effective Protection

Chapter 15.

Includes bibliographical references and index.