Questions that matter : an invitation to philosophy / Ed. L. Miller, Jon Jensen.

Contents;

INTRODUCTION - THE NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY
1. What Is Philosophy? The Word Itself The Fields of Philosophy A Rational, Critical Enterprise Differing Conceptions A Working Definition Philosophy, Religion, and Science Of Beards and Bread Where do we Begin? Professor Miller’s Four Principles Chapter 1 in Review Readings from: Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers Plato, Apology Whitehead, Process and Reality Moore, Principia Ethica Camus, "The Myth of Sisyphus" Husserl, Ideas James, "The Present Dilemma in Philosophy" Jaggar, "How Can Philosophy Be Feminist?"

2. A Little Logic The Three Laws of Thought What is an Argument? Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Informal Fallacies Chapter 2 in Review Reading from: Aristotle, Metaphysics Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles

PART 1: THE QUESTION OF REALITY
3. The First Metaphysicians The First Theory of Reality Three Pre-Socratic Traditions The Discovery of Form Chapter 3 in Review Readings from: Aristotle, Metaphysics Copleston, A History of Philosophy Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics

4. The Idea of Form Plato and Socrates The Two Worlds: Appearance and Reality The Theory of Forms Degrees of Reality and Knowledge The Good, the Sun, and the Cave Aristotle’s Criticism of Plato Aristotle’s View of Form After Plato and Aristotle
Chapter 4 in Review Readings from: Plato, Euthyphro, Timaeus, The Republic, Phaedo Aristotle, Metaphysics, Poetics Quine, "On What There Is"
5. Mind and Matter Descartes: The Father of Modern Philosophy “What Can I Know for Certain?” The Intuition of Mind The Deduction of God The Deduction of Matter Some Objections The Mind-Body Problem Mind: A Set of Dispositions or Functions Chapter 5 in Review Readings from: Descartes, Discourse on Method, Meditations on First Philosophy Searle, Minds, Brains and Science Ryle, The Concept of Mind Churchland, Matter and Consciousness 6. Idealism What is Idealism? Berkeley and Locke Berkeley’s View: Esse est percipi Five Proofs for Subjective Idealism Hylas and Philonous Solipsism or God? Some Objections Chapter 6 in Review Readings from: Berkeley, Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

7. Materialism What is Materialism? Man a Machine The New Materialism Are the Mind and Body Identical? Beyond Freedom and Dignity: Skinner Are All Things Dertermined? Chapter 7 in Review Readings from: Lucretius, The Nature of Things Hobbes, Leviathan Laplace, A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities La Mettrie, Man a Machine Hanson, "The Dematerialization of Matter" Taylor, Metaphysics Churchland, Matter and Consciousness Danto, Connections to the World Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity

PART 2: THE QUESTION OF KNOWLEDGE
8. Skepticism Varieties of Skepticism Pyrrho: The Classic Skeptic Is Absolute Skepticism a Coherent Position? Rorty and Friends: Historicism and Pluralism Chapter 8 in Review Readings from: Diogenes Laertius (on Pyrrho), Lives of Eminent Philosophers St. Augustine, Against the Academicians Richard Roty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature Grenz, “Star Trek and the Next Generation” Plantinga, "The Twin Pillars of Christian Scholarship"

9. The Way of Reason Two Main Theories about the Basis of Knowledge Reason as the Basis of Knowledge The Rationalism of Plato The Rationalism of Descartes A Contemporary Version: Chomsky Chapter 9 in Review: Readings from: Plato, Phaeodo Descartes, Discourse on Method, Rules for the Direction of the Mind Chomsky, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, "Language and the Mind"

10. The Way of Experience What is Empiricism? Classical Empiricism: Aristotle and St. Thomas Modern Empiricism: Locke Radical Empiricism: Hume Chapter 10 in Review Readings from: Aristotle, Posterior Analytics St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologia Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Hume, A Treatsie of Human Nature, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

11. The Problem of Certainty Kant and Hume Some Important Terminology Is There Synthetic A Priori Knowledge? The Limits of Reason Chapter 11 in Review Readings from: Kant, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, Critique of Pure Reason

PART 3: THE QUESTION OF GOD
12. God and the World Natural Theology The Cosmological Argument The Teleological Argument The Problem of Causality Chapter 12 in Review Readings from: St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Summa Contra Gentiles Jastrow, God and the Astronomers Paley, Natural Theology; Tennant, Philosophical Theology Black Elk Speaks Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Kant, Critique of Pure Reason

13. God and Reason The Ontological Argument Is Existence a Predicate? The Moral Argument Is There a Moral Law? Chapter 13 in Review Readings from: St. Anselm, Proslogium Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy Kant, Critique of Pure Reason Malcolm, Knowledge and Certainty Kant, Critique of Practical Reason Lewis, Mere Christianity Rashdall, The Theory of Good and Evil Russell and Copleston, "The Existence of God"

14. Religious Experience The Experience of the Numinous The Mystical Ascent Mysticism East The Way of Zen Is Religious Experience Evidence for God? Chapter 14 in Review Readings from: Weil, Waiting for God Otto, The Idea of the Holy Huxley, The Doors of Perception St. John of the Cross, The Dark Night of the Soul St. Teresa of Avila, The Way of Perfection Bhagavad-Gita Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching Suzuki, Essays in Zen Buddhism Broad, Religion, Philosophy, and Psychical Research James, The Varieties of Religious Experience Freud, The Future of an Illusion

15. God and Evil What Is the Problem? Some Solutions Evil as a Privation of Goodness The Free-will Defense Evil as Therapy Evil Is Irrational Chapter 15in Review Readings from: Mill, Three Essays on Religion Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion St. Augustine, The Enchiridion on Faith, Hope and Love, On Free Choice of the Will Plantinga, God, Freedom, and Evil Mackie, "Evil and Omnipotence" Irenaeus, Against Heresies Hick, Evil and the God of Love Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays, The Plague

PART 4: THE QUESTION OF MORALITY
16. Challenges to Morality The Challenge of Existentialism The Challenge of Determinism The Challenge of Psychological Egoism The Challenge of Relativism Chapter 16 in Review Readings from: Sartre, “Existentialism” de Beauvoir, The Second Sex Marcel, The Philosophy of Existentialism James, “The Dilemma of Determinsim” Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding D’Holbach, The System of Nature Stace, Religion and the Modern Mind Frankena, Ethics Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity Benedict, “Anthropology and the Abnormal” Rand, The Virtue of Selfishness

17. Hedonism The Question of Consequences Hedonism: The Pleasure Principle Egoistic Hedonism Does "Is" Mean "Ought" The Problem of Egoism Chapter 17 in Review Readings from: Diogenes Laertius (on Aristippus and Epicurus), Lives of Eminent Philosophers Horace, Epistles Epicurus, Letter of Menoeceus Lucien, Sale of the Philosophers Rand, "The Sould of an Individualist," "Galt's Speech," "The Ethics of Emergencies," Philosophy: Who Needs It

18. Utilitarianism What Is Utilitarianism? Bentham’s Version: Quantity over Quality Mill’s Version: Quality over Quantity Some Objections Chaper 18 in Review Bentham, The Rationale of Reward, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation Mill, Utilitarianism Williams, A Critique of Utilitarianism Moore, Principia Ethica Regan, "The Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights"

19. The Role of Duty Morality as Unconditional The Good Will Kant’s Categorical Imperative The Test of Moral Actions Some Objections Chapter 19 in Review Readings from: Beck, Preface to translation of Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals Martin Luther King, Jr., "The Ethical Demands of Integration" Regan, The Case for Animal Rights Taylor, Respect for Nature

20. Virtue Character and Action Aristotle and Eudaimonia Virtues: Old and New Religion and Morality Is There a Natural Law? Divine Command Theory Readings from: Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics MacIntyre, After Virtues Hursthouse, Virtue Theory and Abortion Hill, Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving the Natural Environment St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae Quinn, The Primacy of God’s Will in Christian Ethics

PART 5: THE QUESTION OF SOCIETY Introductory Note
21. Some Historical Background Plato: The Elitist Aristotle: The Democrat Hobbes: The Sovereign Rousseau: The General Will Is There a Natural Law? Chapter 21 in Review Readings from: Plato, The Republic Aristotle, Politics Hobbes, Leviathan Rousseau, The Social Contract

22. Liberalism versus Marxism The Liberal Perspective: Locke The Individual and Society: Mill Justice as Fairness: Rawls Liberalism and Capitalism Chapter 22 in Review Readings from: The Bill of Rights Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Second Treatise of Government The International Declaration of the Rights of Man Declaration of Independence Mill, On Liberty Rawls, A Theory of Justice Marty, “Rawls and the Harried Mother”

23. The Question of Justice Liberalism and Capitalism A Radical Response: Marx Individuals and the Common Good Unencumbered and Situated Selves Community in a Global Village Chapter 23 in Review Readings from Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Marx, Early Writings Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice Benhabib, Situating the Self

Includes bibliographical references and index.