Marine biology / Peter Castro, Michael E. Huber

Contents;

Part One
Principles of Marine Science 1
1 The Science of Marine Biology 3
The Science of Marine Biology 3
The Scientific Method 12
Boxed Readings
Eyes (and Ears) in the Ocean 11
John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts 16
Interactive Exploration19
2 The Sea Floor 21
The Water Planet 21
The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins 24
The Geological Provinces of the Ocean 35
Boxed Reading
Hot Spots and the Creation of the Hawaiian Islands 40
Interactive Exploration 41
3 Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean 43
The Waters of the Ocean 43
Motion in the Ocean 52
Vertical Motion and the Three-Layered Ocean 63
Boxed Readings
Tall Ships and Surface Currents 59
Waves That Kill 60
Interactive Exploration 65

Part Two
Life in the Marine Environment 67
4 Some Basics of Biology 69
The Ingredients of Life 69
Living Machinery 74
Challenges of Life in the Sea 77
Perpetuating Life 81
The Diversity of Life in the Sea 84
Boxed Reading
From Snack to Servant: How Complex Cells Arose 77
Interactive Exploration 90
5 The Microbial World 91
Prokaryotes 92
Unicellular Algae 96
Protozoans: The Animal-like Protists 100
Fungi 102
Boxed Readings
Symbiotic Bacteria-The Essential Guests 94
Tiny Cells, Big Surprises 99
The Bay of Fire 100
Interactive Exploration 103
6 Multicellular Primary Producers: Seaweeds and Plants 105
Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds 106
Flowering Plants 114
Boxed Reading
Seaweeds for Gourmets 113
Interactive Exploration 116
7 Marine Animals without a Backbone 117
Sponges 118
Cnidarians: A Radially Symmetrical Body Plan 120
Comb Jellies: Radial Symmetry One More Time 123
Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms 124
Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body 130
Arthropods: The Armored Achievers 135
Lophophorates 139
Arrow Worms 141
Echinoderms: Five-Way Symmetry 142
Hemichordates: A "Missing Link"? 146
Chordates without a Backbone 146
Boxed Readings
The Case of the Killer Cnidarians 123
How to Discover a New Phylum 129
Interactive Exploration 150
8 Marine Fishes 153
Vertebrates: An Introduction 154
Types of Fishes 154
Biology of Fishes 160
Boxed Readings
Shark! 158
A Fish Called Latimeria 170
Interactive Exploration 177
9 Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals 179
Marine Reptiles 181
Seabirds 183
Marine Mammals 187
Boxed Readings
The Endangered Sea Turtles 182
The Whales That Walked to Sea 192
The Other "Big Bang Theory" 200
How Intelligent Are Cetaceans? 203
Interactive Exploration 210

Part Three
Structure and Function
of Marine Ecosystems 213
10 An Introduction to Ecology 215
The Organization of Communities 215
The Flow of Energy and Materials 221
Ecological Zonation of the Marine Environment 229
Boxed Readings
Cleaning Associations 224
Biodiversity: All Creatures Great and Small 232
Interactive Exploration 233
11 Between the Tides 235
Rocky Shore Communities 236
Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities 252
Boxed Reading
Transplantation, Removal, and Caging Experiments 246
Interactive Exploration 258
12 Estuaries: Where Rivers Meet the Sea 259
Origins and Types of Estuaries 259
Physical Characteristics of Estuaries 260
Estuaries as Ecosystems 262
Boxed Reading
Fiddler on the Mud 269
Interactive Exploration 276
13 Life on the Continental Shelf 277
Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment 277
The Continental Shelf as an Ecosystem 279
Boxed Readings
Under the Antarctic Ice 279
Life in Mud and Sand 283
Interactive Exploration 295
14 Coral Reefs 297
The Organisms That Build Reefs 297
Kinds of Coral Reefs 305
The Ecology of Coral Reefs 311
Boxed Readings
Coral Reproduction 299
"Must Have Been Something I Ate" 319
Interactive Exploration 321
15 Life Near the Surface 323
The Organisms of the Epipelagic 324
Living in the Epipelagic 333
Epipelagic Food Webs 341
Boxed Readings
Red Tides and Harmful Algal Blooms 326
Swimming Machines 340
Interactive Exploration 355
16 The Ocean Depths 357
The Twilight World 359
The World of Perpetual Darkness 367
The Deep-Ocean Floor 371
Hot Springs, Cold Seeps, and Dead Bodies 377
Boxed Readings
Biodiversity in the Deep Sea 372
The Chambered Nautilus 376
Interactive Exploration 379

Part Four
Humans and the Sea 381
17 Resources from the Sea 383
The Living Resources of the Sea 383
Non-Living Resources from the Sea Floor 401
Non-Living Resources from Seawater 403
Boxed Readings
Of Fish and Seabirds, Fishers and Chickens 393
Take Two Sponges and Call Me in the Morning 401
Interactive Exploration 405
18 The Impact of Humans on the Marine Environment 407
Modification and Destruction of Habitats 407
Pollution 409
Threatened and Endangered Species 419
Conserving and Enhancing the Environment 423
Boxed Readings
Living in a Greenhouse: Our Warming Earth 410
Biological Invasions: The Uninvited Guests 420
Sand on the Run, or What to Do with Our Shrinking Beaches 424
Five Simple Things You Can Do to Save the Oceans 426
Interactive Exploration 427
19 The Oceans and Human Affairs 429
Oceans as Barriers and Avenues 429
Oceans and Cultures 430
Oceans and Recreation 434
Prospects for the Future 435
Boxed Reading
Marine Archaeology 433
Interactive Exploration 437

Includes bibliographical references and index.