Essential concepts for healthy living / Sandra Alters, Wendy Schiff.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Contents

Chapter 1
Health: The Foundation for Life 1
The Dimensions of Health 2
What Is Health? 2
Health and Wellness 2
The Components of Health 2
The Nation's Health 4
Tracking the Nation's Health 4
Health Promotion: Healthy People 2000 and Healthy People 2010 5
Minority Health Status 5
Understanding Health-Related Behavior 8
Changing Health-Related Behavior 8
Making Positive Health-Related Decisions 8
Can Good Health Be Prescribed? 10
Analyzing Health Information 10
Becoming a Wary Consumer of Health
Information 12
Conventional versus Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14
Herbs as Medicines 15
Alternative Therapies in Perspective 18
Chapter Review 20
Chapter 2
Psychological Health 22
The Basics of Psychological Health 24
Personality Development 24
Theories of Personality Development 25
Adjustment and Growth 27
Self-Esteem 28
Improving Your Psychological Health 29
Understanding Mental Illness 29
The Impact of Mental Illness 30
What Causes Psychological Disorders? 30
Treating Mental Illness 31
Common Psychological Disorders 32
Anxiety Disorders 32
Unclassified Impulse Control Disorders 34
Mood Disorders 35
Disordered Eating, Eating Disorders 36
Psychosomatic Disorders 38
Dementia 38
Schizophrenia 39
Suicide 39
Preventing Suicide 39
Chapter Review 43
Chapter 3
Stress and Its Management 46
What Is Stress? 48
Stressors 48
Stress Responses 48
Physical Responses 48
The Impact of Stress on Health 52
Stressful Life Events 52
The Mind-Body Relationship 52
Personality, Disease, and Stress 55
Coping with Stress 56
Problem-Focused Strategies 56
Emotion-Focused Strategies 57
Social-Support Strategies 57
Stress Management Skills 58
Deep Breathing 58
Progressive Muscular Relaxation 58
Meditation and the Relaxation Response 58
Imagery 59
Self-Talk 60
Physical Exercise 60
Chapter Review 62
Chapter 4
Violence and Abuse 64
How Violence Affects Health 66
What Causes Violent Behavior? 66
Major Types of Violence and Abuse 67
Sexual Violence 67
Family Violence 68
Sexual Harassment 70
Stalking 71
Community Violence 72
Institutional Violence 72
Workplace Violence 72
Terrorism 73
Assessing Your Risk of Violence 74
Preventing and Avoiding Violence 74
Self-Protection 76
Reporting Violence 76
Chapter Review 80
Chapter 5
Relationships and Sexuality 82
Human Sexual Behavior 84
The Biology of Sexual Behavior 84
The Psychology of Sexual Behavior 85
Culture and Sexuality 86
Gender Identity and Roles 86
Transsexualism 88
Sexual Orientation 88
Nature or Nurture? 89
Homosexuality and Society 89
Diversity in Sexual Behavior 90
Common Sexual Practices between Partners 90
Solitary Sexual Behavior 90
Celibacy 90
Romantic Relationships 91
Defining Love 91
Psychologists' Theories about Love 91
Love Attachments 92
Love Changes over Time 93
Establishing Romantic Commitments 94
Types of Romantic Commitments 94
Communication in Relationships 96
Chapter Review 101
Chapter 6
Reproductive Health 104
The Male Reproductive System 106
The Internal Organs of Sexual Reproduction 106
The External Organs of Sexual Reproduction 107
The Female Reproductive System 109
The Internal Organs of Sexual Reproduction 109
The External Organs of Sexual Reproduction 109
The Sexual Response 111
Sexual Dysfunctions 111
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence) 111
Premature Ejaculation 112
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 112
Vaginismus 113
The Menstrual Cycle 113
Premenstrual Syndrome 114
Toxic Shock Syndrome 114
Pregnancy and Human Development 114
Prepregnancy and Prenatal Care 114
Determining If You or Your Partner Is Pregnant 118
Pregnancy and Fetal Development 118
The Birth Process 119
Circumcision 123
The Postpartum Period 124
Infertility 125
Contraception 126
Abstinence and Natural Methods 126
Chemical and Barrier Methods 128
Hormonal Methods 132
Intrauterine Devices 133
Sterilization 133
Abortion 134
Chapter Review 139
Chapter 7
Drug Use and Abuse 142
Drug Use, Misuse, and Abuse 145
Psychoactive Drugs: Effects on the Mind
and Body 146
How Psychoactive Drugs Affect the Brain 146
What Happens to Drugs in the Body? 146
Illegal Drug Use in the United States 147
The Prevalence of Illegal Drug Use 147
Why Do People Use Psychoactive Drugs? 147
Patterns of Psychoactive Drug Use 148
Drug Dependence 148
Physiological and Psychological Dependence 149
Risk Factors for Drug Dependency 149
Stimulants 149
Amphetamines and Methamphetamines 149
Cocaine 151
Caffeine 152
Depressants 152
Rohypnol 153
GHB and GBL 153
Opiates 154
Marijuana 154
Hallucinogens 155
LSD 155
Mescaline 156
Psilocybin 156
PCP 156
Inhalants 156
Designer Drugs 157
Ecstasy 157
Over-the-Counter Drugs 158
Look-Alike Drugs 158
Weight Loss Aids 158
Ephedrine 158
Drug Treatment and Prevention 160
Treating Drug Dependency 160
Preventing Drug Misuse and Abuse 160
Chapter Review 164
Chapter 8
Alcohol and Tobacco 168
Alcohol 170
Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Dependence 170
Factors Related to Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 171
Alcohol and College Students 173
How the Body Processes Alcohol 174
Consequences of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence 175
Prevention 180
How to Control Your Alcohol Consumption 181
Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse 181
Tobacco 183
Types of Tobacco Products 183
Who Uses Tobacco and Why? 183
The Health Effects of Tobacco Use 186
Environmental Tobacco Smoke 189
Quitting 191
Prevention 193
Chapter Review 196
Chapter 9
Nutrition 200
Basic Nutrition Principles 202
What Are Nutrients? 202
What Are Non-Nutrients? 202
Natural, Health, Organic, and Functional Foods 203
What Happens to the Food You Eat? 203
Energy-Supplying Nutrients 204
Carbohydrates 204
Lipids 207
Proteins 210
Non-Energy-Supplying Nutrients 211
Vitamins 211
Minerals 213
Water 216
Planning a Nutritious Diet 217
The Keys to a Nutritious Diet 217
Nutrient Requirements 217
Dietary Reference Intakes 218
The Dietary Guidelines 218
The Food Guide Pyramid 218
Using Nutritional Labeling 219
Do You Need Nutritional Supplements? 220
Nutrition for Optimal Physical
Performance 222
Malnutrition: Undernutrition
and Overnutrition 222
Chapter Review 224
Chapter 10
Body Weight and Its Management 226
Overweight and Obesity 228
The Prevalence of Overweight 228
How Does Being Overweight Affect Health? 229
The Caloric Cost of Living 229
Energy for Metabolism 229
Energy for Physical Activity 230
Energy for Other Needs 231
The Basics of Energy Balance 231
Body Composition 232
How Much Fat Is Normal? 232
Determining Percentages of Body Fat 232
Assessing Healthy Body Weights 233
What Causes Obesity? 235
Biological Influences 235
Environmental, Social, and Psychological
Influences 237
Weight Management 237
Weight Reduction Diets 237
Physical Activity 239
Surgical Procedures 239
Medications 239
Strategies for Successful Weight Loss 242
Weight Gain 244
Chapter Review 246
Chapter 11
Physical Fitness 250
Principles of Physical Fitness 252
The Body in Motion 252
The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 253
Defining Physical Activity and Exercise 253
Physical Activity and Health 253
The Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness 255
Cardiorespiratory Fitness 255
Muscular Endurance 256
Muscular Strength 256
Flexibility 258
Body Composition 262
Physical Fitness and Athletic
Performance 263
The Sports-Related Components of Fitness 263
Ergogenic Aids 263
Exercising for Health 265
The Exercise Session 266
Exercise Danger Signs 266
Developing a Personal Fitness Program 267
Preventing and Managing Exercise
Injuries 269
Strains and Sprains 269
Temperature-Related Injuries 269
Active for a Lifetime 271
Chapter Reveiw 275
Chapter 12
Cardiovascular Health 278
The Cardiovascular System and How It
Works 280
Cardiovascular Diseases 282
Atherosclerosis 282
Coronary Artery Disease 283
Stroke 287
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease 288
Family History 289
Elevated Blood Cholesterol 289
Cigarette Smoking 290
High Blood Pressure 290
Physical Inactivity 291
Obesity 291
Diabetes Mellitus 291
Anxiety 291
Maintaining Cardiovascular Health 292
Smoking Cessation 292
Weight Control 292
Exercise 293
Lowering Blood Pressure 294
Reducing Blood Cholesterol 294
Aspirin Therapy 295
Hormone Replacement Therapy 295
Chapter Review 298
Chapter 13
Cancer 302
What Is Cancer? 304
How Cancers Develop and Spread 304
Genes and Cancer Development 304
Metastasis 305
Cancer Detection 306
Cancer Treatment 308
Surgery 309
Radiation 309
Chemotherapy 309
Biomodulation/Immunotherapy 309
Photodynamic Therapy 312
Prevalent Cancers in the United States 312
Cancers Caused by or Related to Tobacco 312
Cancers Related to Diet 316
Cancers Related to Hormone Function 319
Cancers Related to Viral Infection: Cervical
Cancer 325
Cancers Related to Ultraviolet Radiation: Skin
Cancers 327
Cancers with Unknown Causes 328
Reducing Your Risk for Cancer 332
Chapter Review 333
Chapter 14
Infection, Immunity, and Noninfectious Disease 336
Noninfectious Diseases 338
Genetic Diseases 338
Diseases Caused by an Interaction of Genes
and the Environment 340
Noninfectious Conditions with Environmental
or Unknown Causes 341
Trends in Infectious Disease 342
The Chain of Infection 343
The First Link: Pathogens 343
The Second Link: Transmission 344
The Third Link: The Host 346
Immunity 347
Nonspecific Immunity 347
Specific Immunity 349
Interactions between Specific and Nonspecific Immunity 351
Protection against Infectious Diseases 351
Drugs That Combat Infection 354
Sexually Transmitted Infections 354
Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused
by Viruses 355
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 355
Genital Herpes 360
Genital Warts 361
Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused
by Bacteria 362
Syphilis 362
Gonorrhea 363
Chlamydial Infections 364
Other Sexually Transmitted Infections 365
Trichomonas vaginalis Infections 365
Yeast Infections 365
Pubic Lice 365
Scabies 366
Protecting Yourself against STIs 367
Chapter Review 372
Chapter 15
Aging, Dying, and Death 376
Aging 378
Life Expectancy 378
The Characteristics of Aged Americans 380
Why Do We Age? 381
The Effects of Aging on Physical Health 381
The Effects of Aging on Psychological Health 385
The Effects of Aging on Social Health 385
Successful Aging 388
Dying 389
The Spiritual Aspects of Dying 389
The Emotional Aspects of Dying 389
Terminal Care: The Options 391
Death 392
What Is Death? 392
Euthanasia and the Right to Die 393
Preparing for Death 393
Some Final Thoughts on Death 395
Grief 396
Chapter Review 399a
Chapter 16
Environmental Health 402
Environmental Health in and Around
the Home 404
Poisoning 404
Inhalation of Asbestos Fibers 409
Electromagnetic Radiation 410
Irradiation of Food: The Debate 411
Environmental Health in the Workplace 412
Pesticide Poisoning 412
Exposure to and Inhalation of Other Toxic
Chemicals 413
Indoor Air Pollution 416
Environmental Health in the Outdoors 416
Water Pollution 416
Air Pollution 417
Noise Pollution 418
Chapter Review 422
Appendix A Injury Prevention and Emergency Care 425
Appendix B Dietary Reference Intakes
for Certain Nutrients 430
Appendix C Nutritional Composition
of Selected Fast Foods 431
Appendix D Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating 432
Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living 434