Anatomy & physiology / Rod R. Seeley, Trent D. Stephens, Philip Tate.

Includes index.

Donation

Contents
Part One
Organization of the Human Body
Chapter 1
The Human Organism Anatomy and Physiology 2
Structural and Functional Organization 5
The Human Organism 5
Homeostasis 10
Terminology and the Body Plan 13
Chapter 2
The Chemical Basis of Life Basic Chemistry 27
Chemical Reactions and Energy 34
Inorganic Chemistry 39
Organic Chemistry 43
Chapter 3
Structure and Function of the Cell Functions of the Cell 59
How We See Cells 59
Plasma Membrane 61
Movement Through the Plasma Membrane 65
Cytoplasm 75
Organelles 77
Nucleus 85
Overview of Cell Metabolism 87
Protein Synthesis 87
Cell Life Cycle 90
Meiosis 94
Cellular Aspects of Aging 97
Chapter 4
Histology: The Study of Tissues Tissues and Histology 105
Embryonic Tissue 105
Epithelial Tissue 105
Connective Tissue 117
Classification of Connective Tissue 119
Muscle Tissue 128
Nervous Tissue 129
Membranes 132
Inflammation 133
Tissue Repair 135
Tissues and Aging 136
Part Two
Support and Movement
Chapter 5
Integumentary System
Overview of the Integumentary System 144
Hypodermis 144
Skin 145
Accessory Skin Structures 150
Summary of Integumentary System Functions 156
Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System 157
Chapter 6
Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue Functions of the Skeletal System 167
Cartilage 167
Bone Anatomy 168
Bone Histology 171
Bone Development 175
Bone Growth 178
Bone Remodeling 183
Bone Repair 185
Calcium Homeostasis 187
Effects of Aging on the Skeletal System 189
Chapter 7
Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy General Considerations 198
Axial Skeleton 200
Appendicular Skeleton 225
Chapter 8
Articulations and Movement Naming Joints 242
Classes of Joints 242
Types of Movement 248
Description of Selected Joints 253
Effects of Aging on the Joints 263
Chapter 9
Muscular System: Histology and Physiology Functions of the Muscular System 272
General Functional Characteristics of Muscle 272
Skeletal Muscle Structure 273
Sliding Filament Model 278
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 278
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle 287
Types of Muscle Contractions 292
Fatigue 294
Energy Sources 296
Slow and Fast Fibers 297
Heat Production 299
Smooth Muscle 299
Cardiac Muscle 303
Effects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle 304
Chapter 10
Muscular System: Gross Anatomy General Principles 314
Head Muscles 319
Trunk Muscles 332
Upper Limb Muscles 338
Lower Limb Muscles 349
Part Three
Integration and Control Systems
Chapter 11
Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
Functions of the Nervous System 364
Divisions of the Nervous System 364
Cells of the Nervous System 366
Organization of Nervous Tissue 371
Electric Signals 371
The Synapse 384
Neuronal Pathways and Circuits 393
Chapter 12
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Spinal Cord 402
Reflexes 405
Spinal Cord Pathways 410
Structure of Peripheral Nerves 410
Spinal Nerves 410
Chapter 13
Brain and Cranial Nerves Brainstem 434
Cerebellum 437
Diencephalon 439
Cerebrum 441
Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid 444
Blood Supply to the Brain 448
Development of the CNS 449
Cranial Nerves 449
Chapter 14
Integration of Nervous System Functions Sensation 466
Control of Skeletal Muscles 478
Brainstem Functions 485
Other Brain Functions 487
Effects of Aging on the Nervous System 493
Chapter 15
The Special Senses Olfaction 502
Taste 504
Visual System 508
Hearing and Balance 527
Effects of Aging on the Special Senses 540
Chapter 16
Autonomic Nervous System
Contrasting the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems 548
Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System 549
Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System 555
Regulation of the Autonomic Nervous System 559
Functional Generalizations About the Autonomic Nervous System 562
Chapter 17
Functional Organization of the Endocrine System
General Characteristics of the Endocrine System 572
Chemical Structure of Hormones 573
Control of Secretion Rate 573
Transport and Distribution in the Body 578
Metabolism and Excretion 580
Interaction of Hormones with Their Target Tissues 581
Classes of Hormone Receptors 583
Chapter 18
Endocrine Glands
Functions of the Endocrine System 598
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus 598
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland 601
Thyroid Gland 607
Parathyroid Glands 613
Adrenal Glands 615
Pancreas 620
Hormonal Regulation of Nutrients 624
Hormones of the Reproductive System 627
Pineal Body 628
Thymus 630
Gastrointestinal Tract 630
Hormonelike Substances 630
Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System 632
Part Four
Regulations and Maintenance
Chapter 19
Cardiovascular System: Blood Functions of Blood 640
Plasma 641
Formed Elements 642
Hemostasis 650
Blood Grouping 655
Diagnostic Blood Tests 658
Chapter 20
Cardiovascular System: The Heart Functions of the Heart 668
Size, Shape, and Location of the Heart 668
Anatomy of the Heart 670
Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart 677
Histology 679
Electrical Properties 681
Cardiac Cycle 685
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure 692
Regulation of the Heart 693
Heart and Homeostasis 696
Effects of Aging on the Heart 699
Chapter 21
Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Circulation and Regulation
General Features of Blood Vessel Structure 712
Pulmonary Circulation 717
Systemic Circulation: Arteries 717
Systemic Circulation: Veins 728
Dynamics of Blood Circulation 740
Physiology of Systemic Circulation 744
Control of Blood Flow in Tissues 749
Regulation of Mean Arterial Pressure 753
Chapter 22
Lymphatic System and Immunity Lymphatic System 772
Immunity 779
Innate Immunity 780
Adaptive Immunity 785
Immune Interactions 800
Immunotherapy 800
Acquired Immunity 804
Effects of Aging on the Lymphatic System and Immunity 805
Chapter 23
Respiratory System
Functions of the Respiratory System 814
Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory System 814
Ventilation 828
Measuring Lung Function 833
Physical Principles of Gas Exchange 835
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood 838
Rhythmic Ventilation 843
Modification of Ventilation 845
Respiratory Adaptations to Exercise 849
Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System 850
Chapter 24
Digestive System
Anatomy of the Digestive System 860
Functions of the Digestive System 860
Histology of the Digestive Tract 862
Regulation of the Digestive System 863
Peritoneum 864
Oral Cavity 866
Pharynx 870
Esophagus 870
Swallowing 872
Stomach 872
Small Intestine 881
Liver 884
Gallbladder 889
Pancreas 890
Large Intestine 891
Digestion, Absorption, and Transport 896
Effects of Aging on the Digestive System 901
Chapter 25
Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation Nutrition 912
Metabolism 920
Carbohydrate Metabolism 922
Lipid Metabolism 929
Protein Metabolism 930
Interconversion of Nutrient Molecules 931
Metabolic States 932
Metabolic Rate 934
Body Temperature Regulation 935
Chapter 26
Urinary System
Functions of the Urinary System 947
Kidney Anatomy and Histology 947
Anatomy and Histology of the Ureters and Urinary Bladder 953
Urine Production 954
Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume 970
Clearance and Tubular Maximum 973
Urine Movement 974
Effects of Aging on the Kidneys 976
Chapter 27
Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Body Fluids 986
Regulation of Body Fluid Concentration and Volume 987
Regulation of Intracellular Fluid Composition 992
Regulation of Specific Electrolytes in the Extracellular Fluid 993
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance 1003
Part Five
Reproduction and Development
Chapter 28
Reproductive System
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System 1017
Physiology of Male Reproduction 1028
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System 1032
Physiology of Female Reproduction 1040
Effects of Aging on the Reproductive System 1051
Chapter 29
Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics Prenatal Development 1062
Parturition 1085
The Newborn 1088
Lactation 1090
First Year After Birth 1092
Life Stages 1092
Aging 1092
Death 1094
Genetics 1094
Appendices
A Table of Measurements A-1
B Scientific Notation A-1
C Solution Concentrations A-2
D pH A-2
E Reference Laboratory Values A-3
F Answers to Review and Comprehension Questions A-8
G Answers to Critical Thinking Questions A-9