Eukaryotic transcription factors /
David S. Latchman.
- 4th edition.
- Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier/Academic Press, 2004
- xxvi, 360 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Content DNA sequences, transcription factors and chromatin structure The importance of transcription Chromatin structure and its remodelling Chromatin structure and gene regulation Chromatin remodelling factors Histone acetylation DNA sequence elements The gene promoter Sequences involved in the basic process of transcription Sequences involved in regulated transcription Sequences which act at a distance Negatively acting DNA sequences Interaction between factors bound at various sites Conclusions References Methods for studying transcription factors Introduction Methods for studying DNA-protein interactions DNA mobility shift assay DNaseI footprinting assay Methylation interference assay In vivo Footprinting assay Methods for purifying and/or cloning transcription factors Protein purification Gene cloning Use of cloned genes Domain mapping of transcription factors Determining the DNA binding specificity of an uncharacterised factor Identification of target genes for transcription factors Conclusions References Transcription factors and constitutive transcription RNA polymerases The stable transcriptional complex RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase III RNA polymerase II Stepwise assembly of the RNA polymerase II basal transcriptional complex The RNA polymerase holoenzyme TBP, The universal transcription factor? Conclusions References Families of DNA binding transcription factors Introduction The homeodomain Transcription factors in Drosophila development The homeobox DNA binding by the helix-turn-helix motif in the homeobox Regulation of DNA binding specificity by interaction between different homeobox proteins Homeodomain transcription factors in other organisms POU proteins Pax proteins The two cysteine two histidine finger Transcription factors with the two cysteine two histidine finger DNA binding by the two cysteine two histidine finger The multi-cysteine finger Steroid receptors DNA binding by the multi-cysteine zinc finger The basic DNA binding domain The leucine zipper and the basic DNA binding domain The helix-loop-helix motif and the basic DNA binding domain Dimerisation of basic DNA binding domain-containing factors Other DNA-binding motifs Conclusions References Activation of gene expression by transcription factors Activation domains Nature of activation domains Acidic domains Glutamine-rich domains Proline-rich domains Functional relationship of the different activation domains Interaction of activation domains with the basal transcriptional complex Activators and the basal transcriptional complex Stimulation of factor binding Stimulation of factor activity Interaction of activation domains with other regulatory proteins The mediator complex TAFs CBP and other co-activators A multitude of targets for transcriptional activators Other targets for transcriptional activators Modulation of chromatin structure Stimulation of transcriptional elongation Conclusions Repression of gene expression by transcription factors Repression of transcription Indirect repression Inhibition of activator binding by masking of its DNA binding site Inhibition of activator binding by formation of a non-DNA binding complex Quenching of an activator Degradation of an activator Direct repression Mechanisms of transcriptional repression Direct repression by DNA binding transcription factors Direct repression by factors binding to the basal transcriptional complex Other targets for transcriptional repressors Modulation of chromatin structure Inhibition of transcriptional elongation Conclusions References Regulation of transcription factor synthesis Transcription factor regulation Regulated synthesis of transcription factors The MyoD transcription factor Homeobox transcription factors Mechanisms regulating the synthesis of transcription factors Regulation of transcription Regulation of RNA splicing Regulation of translation Conclusions Regulation of transcription factor Evidence for the regulated activity of transcription factors Regulation by protein-ligand binding Examples of regulation by ligand binding The nuclear receptors Regulation by protein-protein interactions Inhibition of transcription factor activity by protein-protein interaction Activation of transcription factors by protein-protein interaction Alteration of transcription factor function by protein-protein interaction Regulation by protein modification Transcription factor modification Phosphorylation Acetylation Methylation Ubiquitination Regulation by protein degradation and processing Role of regulated activity Conclusions Transcription factors and human disease Diseases caused by transcription factor mutations Cancer Cellular oncogenes and cancer Fos, Jun and AP1 v-erbA and the thyroid hormone receptor The myc oncogene Other oncogenic transcription factors Anti-oncogenes and cancer Nature of anti-oncogenes p53 The Retinoblastoma protein Other anti-oncogenic transcription factors. Conclusions References Conclusions and future prospects