TY - BOOK AU - Yount,Lisa TI - Forensic science: from fibers to fingerprints SN - 0816057516 (alk. paper) U1 - 363.25 22 PY - 2007/// CY - New York PB - Chelsea House KW - Forensic sciences KW - History KW - Juvenile literature KW - Forensic scientists KW - Criminal investigation N1 - CONTENTS Preface xii Acknowledgments xvi Introduction xvii Chapter 1. Deadly Powder: Mathieu Orfila, James Marsh, and Detection of Poisons 1 Founding a Science 2 A Sensitive Test 4 Pretty Poisoner 6 Connections: Was Napoleon Poisoned? 9 A Legacy of Students 11 Modern Poison Detection 12 Chronology 14 Further Reading 16 Chapter 2. Arches, Loops, and Whorls: Francis Galton, Edward Henry, and Fingerprinting 18 Wordless Signatures 18 Mark of a Thief 20 A Society of Strangers 21 Measuring Criminals 23 Other Scientists: Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914) 25 Scientific Study 27 Social Impact: Eugenics 30 A Better System 32 Fingerprinting Takes over 33 Issues: How Reliable Are Fingerprints? 36 Fingerprinting Today 37 Chronology 39 Further Reading 43 Chapter 3. The Language of Blood: Karl Landsteiner and Blood Types 48 A Risky Procedure 48 Clues to a Puzzle 49 Four Types of Blood 50 Connections: Blood Transfusions in World War II 54 Testing Blood to Solve Crimes 56 A Delayed Reward 58 "Blood Fingerprints" 58 Spatter Tells a Story 59 Chronology 62 Further Reading 65 Chapter 4. Every Contact Leaves a Trace: Alexandre Lacassagne, Edmond Locard, and Forensic Science Laboratories 68 A Careful Investigator 68 Other Scientists: Hans Gross (1847-1915) 70 Two Famous Cases 72 The First Forensic Science Laboratory 74 Connections: Modern Forensic Science Laboratories 76 Telltale Dust 77 Parallels: Sherlock Holmes, Fictional Forensic Scientist 79 Clues to Identity 81 The Exchange Principle 81 Secrets in Trace Evidence 82 Chronology 84 Further Reading 86 Chapter 5. The Name on the Bullet: Calvin Goddard and Firearms Identification 88 From Medicine to Murder 88 An Unjust Conviction 89 Setting up a New Science 90 A Disputed Verdict 92 Parallels: Tracking a Shootout 94 Death on Valentine's Day 96 Return to the Army 97 Trends: Murders by Firearms 99 Forensic Ballistics Today 100 Chronology 102 Further Reading 106 Chapter 6. Liar, Liar: Leonarde Keeler and the Polygraph 108 The First Lie Detectors 108 Connections: Wonder Woman and Her Magic Lasso 110 The Frye Decision 112 Keeler Improves the Polygraph 112 Popularizing the Lie Detector 113 The Polygraph Test 114 True or False? 116 I Was There: The "Unbeatable" Machine 119 Polygraph Evidence in Court 121 Issues: Screening for Spies 122 Other Ways to Spot Lying 124 Chronology 125 Further Reading 127 Chapter 7. Voiceprints: Lawrence Kersta and Voice Identification 130 Visual Speech 130 The Sound Spectrograph 131 Spoken "Fingerprints" 132 Unique Voices 133 Connections: Computer Voice Recognition 135 Voiceprints in Court 137 "Garbage in, Garbage out" 137 Analyzing Spectrograms 139 How Accurate Is Voice Identification? 139 Chronology 141 Further Reading 142 Chapter 8. Bone Biographies: Clyde Snow and Forensic Anthropology 145 Sampling Careers 146 The Stories Bones Tell 147 Solving Problems: Measuring Bones 150 The Flight 191 Disaster 152 Putting a Face on Murder 153 Identifying the "Angel of Death" 154 The Disappeared 156 I Was There: The Students' First Body 159 Seeking Justice 161 Mass Graves around the World 161 Chronology 164 Further Reading 167 Chapter 9. The Body Farm: William Bass and Determining Time of Death 170 Hooked on Bones 171 Ants Solve a Mystery 172 Inspiration from a Dead Cow 173 Bodies in a Barn 174 A Spectacular Mistake 174 Founding the "Body Farm" 176 Parades of Insects 177 A Best Seller Brings Fame 179 Solving Problems: Research for a Mystery Writer 181 A Kind of Immortality 183 Chronology 185 Further Reading 188 Chapter 10. The Ultimate Identifier: Alec Jeffreys and DNA Profiling 190 Presents Spark a Career 191 A "Eureka!" Moment 192 Reuniting a Family 193 Freeing an Innocent Man 194 Connections: The Innocence Project 196 Dragnet of Blood 198 Improving the Test 199 Other Scientists: Mary-Claire King (1946- ) 201 DNA Databases 203 Social Impact: Boon to Detectives or Threat to Privacy? 204 The Jewel in the Crown 205 Chronology 206 Further Reading 210 APPENDIXES Chronology of Forensic Sciences 213 Glossary 218 Further Resources 232 Index ; Includes bibliographical references and index; Introduction -- Deadly powder : Mathieu Orfila, James Marsh, and detection of poisons -- Arches, loops, and whorls : Francis Galton, Edward Henry, and fingerprinting -- The language of blood : Karl Landsteiner and blood types -- Every contact leaves a trace : Alexandre Lacassagne, Edmond Locard, and forensic science laboratories -- The name on the bullet : Calvin Goddard and firearms identification -- Liar, liar : Leonarde Keeler and the polygraph -- Voiceprints : Lawrence Kersta and voice identification -- Bone biographies : Clyde Snow and forensic anthropology -- The body farm : William Bass and determining time of death -- The ultimate identifier : Alec Jeffreys and DNA profiling UR - http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip066/2006001748.html ER -