TY - BOOK AU - Vidhyasekaran,P. TI - Fungal pathogenesis in plants and crops: molecular biology and host defense mechanisms SN - 9780849398674 (alk. paper) U1 - 632.4 22 PY - 2008/// CY - Boca Raton PB - CRC Press KW - Fungal diseases of plants KW - Plant molecular biology KW - Plant-pathogen relationships KW - Plants KW - Disease and pest resistance KW - Molecular aspects N1 - CONTENTS Chapter 1: PERCEPTION AND TRANSDUCTION OF PLANT SIGNALS IN PATHOGENS I. Introduction II. Signaling and transduction systems in ¿first touch¿ and adhesion of fungal spores III. Signaling in fungal spore germination IV. Signaling in differentiation of germ tubes into infection structures V. Signal transduction in fungal pathogenesis VI. Genes involved in formation of infection structures VII. Signals in fungal infection process VIII. Conclusion References Chapter 2: PERCEPTION AND TRANSDUCTION OF PATHOGEN SIGNALS IN PLANTS I. Introduction II. What are elicitors? III. Oligosaccharide elicitors IV. Protein / peptide elicitors V. Glycoprotein elicitors VI. Lipid elicitors VII. Toxins as elicitor molecules VIII. Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes as elicitors IX. Race-specific and cultivar-specific elicitors X. Specificity of general elicitors XI. Endogenous oligogalacturonide elicitors XII. Multiple elicitors may be needed to activate defense responses XIII. Availability of fungal elicitors at the site of fungal invasion in plants XIV. Receptors for elicitor signals in plant cell membrane XV. Calcium ion may act as second messenger XVI. Phosphorylation of proteins as a component in signal transduction system XVII. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in signal transduction XVIII. Phospholipid signaling system XIX. Anion channels in signal transduction XX. Extracellular alkalinization and cytoplasmic acidification in signaling system XXI. Reactive oxygen species in signal transduction XXII. Nitric oxide in signal transduction XXIII. Salicylic acid signaling system XXIV. Jasmonate signaling pathway XXV. Role of systemin in signal transduction system XXVI. Ethylene-dependent signaling pathway XXVII. Abscisic acid signaling XXVIII. Fatty acids as systemic signal molecules XXIX. Other signaling systems XXX. Network and interplay of signaling pathways XXXI. Induction of defense genes may require different signal transduction systems XXXII. Perception and transduction of pathogen signals in plants leading to susceptibility XXXIII. Signaling systems in susceptible interactions XXXIV. Conclusion References Chapter 3: DISEASE RESISTANCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES IN SIGNAL PERCEPTION AND EMISSION I. Introduction II. Molecular structure of resistance genes III. Classification of resistance genes based on molecular structure of R gene-encoded proteins IV. Molecular structure of recessive genes V. Perception of pathogen signals by resistance genes VI. Activation of R protein and emission of signals to other components in the cell VII. Downstream components of R gene signaling systems VIII. Downstream signaling events in R gene-mediated resistance IX. Susceptibility genes in signal transduction X. Conclusion References Chapter 4: CELL DEATH PROGRAMS DURING FUNGAL PATHOGENESIS I. Introduction II. Cell death in resistant interactions III. Molecular mechanism of induction of hypersensitive cell death IV. Molecular mechanism of induction of spontaneous cell death V. Molecular mechanism of induction of runaway cell death VI. Role of cell death in induction of systemic acquired resistance VII. Susceptibility-related cell death VIII. Molecular mechanisms in induction of cell death in susceptible interactions IX. What is the function of cell death in fungal pathogenesis? X. Conclusion References Chapter 5: CELL WALL DEGRADATION AND FORTIFICATION I. Introduction II. Structure of cuticle III. Penetration of epicuticular waxy layer by pathogens IV. Production of cutinases to breach cuticle barrier V. Genes encoding cutinases VI. Plant signals triggering fungal cutinases VII. Importance of cutinases in penetration of cuticle VIII. Cutinases as virulence/pathogenicity factors IX. Melanins in fungal penetration of cuticle barrier X. Degradation of pectic polysaccharides XI. Pathogens produce cellulolytic enzymes to breach cell wall barrier XII. Fungal hemicellulases in plant cell wall degradation XIII. Degradation of cell wall structural proteins XIV. Requirement of several cell wall-degrading enzymes to degrade the complex-natured cell wall XV. Production of suitable enzymes in appropriate sequence by fungal pathogens XVI. Reinforcement of host cell wall during fungal invasion XVII. Papillae suppress fungal penetration XVIII. Callose deposition in cell wall XIX. How do pathogens overcome the papillae and callose barriers? XX. Accumulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) in plant cell walls XXI. Cell wall-bound phenolics and lignins XXII. Suberization during fungal pathogenesis XXIII. Deposition of mineral elements in host cell wall in response to fungal invasion XXIV. Conclusion References Chapter 6: INDUCTION AND EVASION OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS I. Introduction II. Multiplicity of PR proteins III. Classification of PR proteins IV. Induction of PR proteins during fungal pathogenesis V. Genes encoding PR proteins VI. Transcription of PR genes VII. Signals involved in transcriptional induction of PR genes VIII. PR proteins are synthesized as larger precursors IX. Secretion of PR proteins X. PR proteins may be involved in inhibition of pathogen development XI. PR proteins may be involved in triggering disease resistance XII. How do pathogens overcome fungitoxic PR proteins of the host? XIII. Conclusion References Chapter 7: EVASION AND DETOXIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES I. Introduction II. Chemical structural classes of phytoalexins III. Biosynthesis of isoflvonoid phytoalexins IV. Biosynthesis of flavanone phytoalexins V. Biosynthesis of coumarin phytoalexins VI. Biosynthesis of stilbene phytoalexins VII. Biosynthesis of terpenoid phytoalexins VIII. Biosynthesis of indole-based sulfur containing phytoalexins IX. Biosynthesis of alkaloid phytoalexins X. Site of synthesis of phytoalexins XI. Phytoalexins are fungitoxic XII. How do pathogens overcome the antifungal phytoalexins? XIII. Chemical structural classes of phytoanticipins XIV. Phenolics as phytoanticipins XV. Toxicity of phenolics to pathogens XVI. How does pathogen overcome the antifungal phenolics? XVII. Saponins as phytoanticipins XVIII. Glucosinolates as phytoanticipins XIX. Cyanogenic glucosides XX. Dienes XXI. Conclusion References Chapter 8: TOXINS IN DISEASE SYMPTOM DEVELOPMENT I. Introduction II. Importance of toxins in disease development III. Toxins suppress host defense mechanisms IV. Toxins cause cell membrane dysfunction V. How do pathogens induce membrane dysfunction only in susceptible hosts? VI. Conclusion; Includes bibliographical references and index UR - http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0714/2007012205.html UR - http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0707/2007012205-d.html ER -