Pathology / Arthur S. Schneider, Philip A. Szanto.

Includes index : p. 451 - 470

Contents
1 Cellular Reaction to Injury 1

I Adaptation to Environmental Stress 1

II Hypoxic Cell Injury 3

III Free Radical Injury 4

IV Chemical Cell Injury 4

V Necrosis 5

VI Apoptosis 6

VII Reversible Cellular Changes and Accumulations 8

VIII Disorders Characterized by Abnormalities of Protein Folding 11

Review Test 12

2 Inflammation 17

I Introduction 17

II Acute Inflammation 17

III Chronic Inflammation 24

IV Tissue Repair 26

Review Test 28

3 Hemodynamic Dysfunction 33

I Hemorrhage 33

II Hyperemia 33

III Infarction 34

IV Thrombosis 34

V Embolism 39

VI Edema 40

VII Shock 41

Review Test 43

4 Genetic Disorders 48

I Chromosomal Disorders 48

II Modes of Inheritance of Monogenic Disorders 52

III Mendelian Disorders 53

IV Balanced Polymorphism 60

V Polygenic and Multifactorial Disorders 60

VI Disorders of Sexual Differentiation 61

Review Test 62

5 Immune Dysfunction 67

I Cells of the Immune System 67

II Cytokines 68

III Complement System 68

IV Human Leukocyte Antigen System 69

V Innate versus Acquired Immunity 69

VI Mechanisms of Immune Injury 69

VII Transplantation Immunology 72

VIII Immunodeficiency Diseases 73

IX Autoimmunity 76

X Connective Tissue (Collagen) Diseases 77

XI Amyloidosis 80

Review Test 82

6 Neoplasia 87

I General Considerations 87

II Classification and Nomenclature of Tumors 87

III Properties of Neoplasms 89

IV Carcinogenesis and Etiology 92

V Other Neoplastic Disorders with Known DNA Defects 97

VI Grading and Staging 98

Review Test 99

7 Environmental Pathology 103

I Physical Injury 103

II Chemical Abuse 105

III Environmental Chemical Injuries 107

IV Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Drugs 108

Review Test 110

8 Nutritional Disorders 114

I Malnutrition 114

II Vitamins 114

III Obesity 118

Review Test 119

9 Vascular System 123

I Arterial Disorders 123

II Venous Disorders 127

III Tumors of Bloodvessels 127

IV Vasculitis Syndromes (Vasculitides) 128

V Functional Vascular Disorders 130

VI Hypertension 130

Review Test 133

10 The Heart 137

I Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) 137

II Rheumatic Fever 139

III Other Forms of Endocarditis 141

IV Valvular Heart Disease 142

V Congenital Heart Disease 143

VI Diseases of the Myocardium 145

VII Diseases of the Pericardium 146

VIII Tumors of the Heart 147

IX Congestive Heart Failure 147

X Hypertrophy of the Heart 148

Review Test 150

11 Anemia 155

I General Concepts 155

II Acute Posthemorrhagic Anemia 155

III Iron Deficiency Anemia 155

IV Megaloblastic Anemias 157

V Anemia of Chronic Disease 159

VI Aplastic Anemia 159

VII Myelophthisic Anemia 160

VIII Hemolytic Anemias 160

Review Test 167

12 Neoplastic and Proliferative Disorders of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Systems 172

I Leukemia 172

II Myeloproliferative Diseases 175

III Non-Neoplastic Lymphoid Proliferations 177

IV Plasma Cell Disorders 177

V Lymphoid Neoplasms 179

Review Test 186

13 Hemorrhagic Disorders 192

I Disorders of Primary Hemostasis 192

II Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis 194

III Combined Primary and Secondary Hemostatic Defects 195

Review Test 197

14 Respiratory System 201

I Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract 201

II Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract 201

III Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 202

IV Restrictive Pulmonary Disease 205

V Pulmonary Vascular Disease 210

VI Pulmonary Infection 211

VII Miscellaneous Disorders of the Lungs 215

VIII Cancers of the Lung 215

Review Test 219

15 Gastrointestinal Tract 225

I Diseases of the Mouth and Jaw 225

II Diseases of the Salivary Glands 226

III Diseases of the Esophagus 228

IV Diseases of the Stomach 230

V Diseases of the Small Intestine 232

VI Diseases of the Colon 236

VII Diseases of the Appendix 240

Review Test 241

16 Liver, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas 247

I Diseases of the Liver 247

II Diseases of the Gallbladder 255

III Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas 256

Review Test 258

17 Kidney and Urinary Tract 264

I Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract 264

II Glomerular Diseases 264

III Urinary Tract Obstruction 269

IV Infection of the Urinary Tract and Kidney 270

V Tubular and Interstitial Disorders of the Kidney 270

VI Diffuse Cortical Necrosis 272

VII Nephrocalcinosis 272

VIII Urolithiasis 273

IX Cystic Diseases of the Kidney 273

X Renal Failure 274

XI Nonrenal Causes of Azotemia 274

XII Tumors of the Kidney, Urinary Tract, and Bladder 275

Review Test 278

18 Male Reproductive System 287

I Diseases of the Penis 287

II Diseases of the Testes 288

III Diseases of the Prostate 291

Review Test 293

19 Female Reproductive System and Breast 297

I Vulva and Vagina 297

II Uterine Cervix 300

III Uterine Corpus 301

IV Fallopian Tubes 303

V Ovaries 304

VI Disorders of Pregnancy 308

VII Breast 310

Review Test 313

20 Endocrine System 320

I Pituitary 320

II Thyroid Gland 322

III Parathyroid Glands 327

IV Adrenal Glands 328

V Endocrine Pancreas 331

VI Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) Syndromes 334

Review Test 335

21 Skin 342

I Terminology Relating to Skin Diseases 342

II Inflammatory and Vesicular Lesions 342

III Disorders of Pigmentation 344

IV Disorders of Viral Origin 345

V Miscellaneous Skin Disorders 345

VI Skin Malignancies 347

Review Test 349

22 Musculoskeletal System 353

I Diseases of Skeletal Muscle 353

II Diseases of Bone 355

III Diseases of Joints 361

IV Soft Tissue Tumors 364

Review Test 366

23 Nervous System 371

I Congenital Disorders 371

II Cerebrovascular Disease 372

III Head Injuries 373

IV Infections 374

V Demyelinating Diseases 378

VI Degenerative Diseases 379

VII Tumors 383

VIII Ocular Disorders 385

Review Test 387

24 Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Laboratory Statistics 392

I General Considerations 392

II Sensitivity and Specificity 392

III Positive and Negative Predictive Values 393

IV Variation 394

Review Test 395

Comprehensive Examination 399.