investigating the effectiveness of using water hyacinth as an alternative for treating industrial waste water: case study; SCOUL/ Akol, Emmanuel

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRA CT , "'.' , , 2'
DECLARATION " , 3·
APPROVAL· ~., " , , ""
4
DEPICATION ~ : s·
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS , '; ,
6
:LISr'QF FIGURES ;.- ~..~ ; ~.., , 10
LIST' OF ·fAtlLES· , - , 1.}
LIST OF·APPENDICES 12
LIST OF ACRONYMS ~ , ~ , ~ ~ _.~;. 13
Cl:lAPTER' ONE , , 14
1..0. IJ\rrR.ODUCTION , , "" " 14
1.1:..'Background , , ~ ~ ~ 14
1.2. 'Problem statement ;..~ · " :..: J 5.
l.~. Justification : ;..: ; , ~ ~ ,..; L5
J .4. Objectives __ _ _ ~ 1.5
1.4.:1. Main objective ; 15
1.4.2. Specific objectives ~ ~.· ~ ·.l5
1..5. Stope -: " , \., ~ : 16
.CHAPTER TWO ~ _ 17
2.0.. LlTERATlJRE REVIEW ., , 17-
2. I. Wastewater , 11
2~1.1.Sources. ot Wastewater in Uganda ~ 17·
2: 12. Waste water characteristics and Water quality ~ , 18
Z-.1.3.:Was~e. water treatment and me effluent standards, , :,..; , , 22
1
r
2-.2. Phytoremediation of wastewater ~ ~ , 25
2.2.1. Plant-based technologies of phytoremediation : ~ 26
'2.3. Overview on useofmacrophytes in Waste water treatment 29
2.4. Eichhomia crassipes (Water Hyacjnth)._ .•._ ~ ,...-:- _ ~ :..-:•.:., ~._.;.. 30
14'18' . '. ". 31 ~. . . ystematic posmon , : .
2,4.2 Ecological factors , ; _ " < 32
2.4.3 Potentials and constraints' in using of waterhyacinth r ;;; ~ 32
') 5 E' .. anal . if . . ts 3'" .:.... conomlC )'''SlS0 waste water treatmenrprojec _ _ j
,2-.5.1., 'FInancial Vs; Economic Viability .._ , ~ ;.., 33
25.2. Methods of'Economic Analysis for waste water treatment projects ~ 34
CflAPTE·R TH~E ; ,~ , : 3i7
'3.0. "R.ESEARCH.ME.THODOLOGY ~ ; ; 37
3,1. To characterize and quantify waste water from SeOUL , ,..".' 37
3..2. Area of the Study : ; , "' : _ 37
3.:3. Studydesign. .:., ~., , :.37
3~4. Methods of data collection ..~, .3-7
.3'.5:. Sampling ~ : ' ."38
3..5.1. Sample analysis : ;, 38
3.2. Materials and equipment · , , 47
3..6. Assessing tbe effect of retention time on contaminant removal from industrial waste
water 48
» .6~1.. Experimental.Procedures , " ~ , 48
3.6;2.. Dataanalysismethods " , 49'
3,8 Assessing-the efficiency of wastewater treatment using water hyacinth, _.._ 49
.3.7. Economic analysis for using water hyacinth in waste water treatment.,.. .:51
8
n.
CHAPTER .FOlJR ....................•.....•.............................. :...•...................... ~..~ : 53
4.0. RESlJL TS AND discussions ~ : 53
4.1. Characterizing and quantifying waste water from SCOUL factory 53
4.2; Effect of retention time on contaminant removal from industrial waste water., : 55
4..2.r.Dissolved oxy~en (00), Electrical conductivity (EC), Colour and Biochemical
oxygen demanded (BOD) removal variation with retention time ..•...................................... 57
4.2.2. pH and Temperature removal Variation with retention time ;..: 58
4.2.3. Chlorides (Cn, Magnesium (11g2-1),Snlfites and Nitrites ~ , , -.. 59
4.3. Assessment.of water hyacinth efficiency in industrial waste water treatment., 60
4.3.1 Treatment performance of water hyacinth on physical waste water parameters., ·..6t
4.3.2. Treatment performance of water hyacinth on Biodegradable Organic Substances .•... 62
43.3. Water hyacinth performance on chemical parameters of the sugar industry. _...._._... 63
4.4. An economic analysis on the Use of Water hyacinth in waste water treatment.. 65
4.4.1. Economic Costs of waste water treatment with Eichhomia crassness ..................•...... 65
4.4.2. Economic Benefits of Waste water treatment with Eichhornia crassipes ..; 67
4.43_ Benefit/Cost Ratio Analysis (B/C) ., _........•...__..•._~....•.~ ,.. , _......•.•.....69
Chapter FIVE ,.•...............•................71
.5.0. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ~ , , 71
.5..1 CHALLENGES v- ~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '.' ""." ., ~•• 71
5.2. CONCLUSIONS : .,...:. ",., 11
5:.3. RECOMMENDATIONS ~ ; : ; : ,._ 72
.REFERENCES , """"."'" _ 73
APPENDICES _.,.._...•."" _ , ,.•............ _ , "" 81

Includes bibliographies