Writing English language tests : a practical guide for teachers of English as a second or foreign language / J. B. Heaton.

Contents
1. Introduction to language testing
Testing and teaching
Why testing
What should be tested and to what standard?
Testing the language skills
Testing the language elements
etc

2. Objective testing
Subjective and objective testing
Objective testing
Multiple-choice items: general
Multiple-choice items: the item/ the correct option/ the distractors
Writing the test

3. Testing of grammar and Usage
Multiple-choice grammar items (1): item types
Multiple-choice grammar items (2): structure recognition testing
Constructing multiple-choice items
Constructing error-recognition m/c items
Constructing word -order item
etc.

4. Testing vocabulary
Selection of items
Multiple-choice items (1)
Multiple-choice items (2)
Sets (Associated words)
Matching items
etc

5. Listening comprehension test
General
Phoneme discrimination tests
Test of stress and intonation
Testing comprehension through visual materials
Statement and dialogues
etc

6. Ora;l production tests
Some difficulties in testing the speaking skjills
Reading aloud
Oral drills
Using pictures for assessing oral production
The oral interview
etc

7. Testing reading comprehension
The nature of the reading skills
initial stages of reading: matching tests
True/ False reading test
Multiple-choice item(1): short texts
Multiple-choice item(2): Longer texts
etc

8. Testing the writing skills
Testing composition writing
Situational composition
Grading the composition
The writing skills
Objective tests of writing: Judgement skills
etc.

9. Criteria and types of tests
Validity
Reliability
Discrimination
Administration
Test instructions to the candidate
etc

10. Interpreting test scores
Frequency distribution
Measure of the central tendency
Measure of dispersion
Item analysis
Guessing
etc

Bibliography: p. 189-193.